【正文】 flaming redness was a joyous sight, but I cried.(3) I cried for the strange old candy peddlaer who had been so fond of me.三、詞匯銜接詞匯銜接可歸納為詞的反復(fù)和搭配兩大類。詞的反復(fù)指使用相同的詞、同義詞或近義詞，上義詞和下義詞。如：孔乙己便漲紅了臉，額頭上的青筋條條綻出，爭(zhēng)辯道，“竊書不能算偷……竊書……讀書人的事，能算偷么？” At that Kong Yiji would flush, the veins on his forehead standing out as he protested, “ Taking books can’t be counted stealing … Taking books … for a scholar … can’t be counted stealing.” 詞語的自然搭配，體現(xiàn)在主語和謂語的搭配、動(dòng)詞和名詞的搭配、英語動(dòng)詞短語中動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、名詞與介詞的搭配等。如：黃浦的夕潮不知怎的已經(jīng)漲上了，現(xiàn)在沿這蘇州河的兩岸的各色船只都浮得高高的，艙面比碼頭還高了約半英尺。The evening tide from the whangpoo had turned imperceptibly, and now the assortment of boats along both sides of the creek were riding high, their decks some six inches above the landingstages.第三章 詞語的翻譯 Main types of word meaning 1）語法意義和詞匯意義 (grammatical meaning amp。 lexical meaning) eg: girls amp。 girl 。 The dog bit the man. 一般認(rèn)為， 虛詞（如冠詞、介詞、連接詞）只有語法意義，實(shí)詞（如動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞）既有語法意義、又有詞匯意義。2）詞匯意義的分類英國(guó)語言學(xué)家Geoffrey Leech分為conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, stylistic meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning, collocative meaning, thematic meaning 等七類。捷克詞典學(xué)家Zgusta分為designation, connotation, range of application等三類。 美國(guó)翻譯家Nida分為cognitive meaning,emotive meaning兩類。 我們?cè)诮滩闹兄饕接懺~匯的指稱意義和蘊(yùn)涵意義兩類。 指稱意義(denotation, the dictionary meaning or literal meaning),即“詞的確切和字面的意義”,語言間的可譯性就是由指稱意義的基本對(duì)等決定的. 指稱意義往往具有多重性,:1) 英軍勝利地登上了小島。 a. The British army climbed onto the island successfully. b. The British army landed onto the island successfully. 2) 他對(duì)事情的進(jìn)展也還滿意。He is quite satisfied with the way things went.3)他是我父親。 He is my father. 這姑娘是漂亮。 This girl is really beautiful. 此人是書就讀。 This man reads every book he can reach. 是可忍，孰不可忍？ If this can be tolerated. What cannot ? 是古非今 praise the past condemn the present4)稍等一會(huì)兒,我就來. Just a minute. I’m ing. 他要是不來,我就代他在會(huì)上發(fā)言. If he doesn’t e, I’ll speak at the meeting instead of him. 那個(gè)人就是他的哥哥. That very man is his elder brother. 你就是送給我,我也不要 Even if you give it to me as a gift, I won’t accept it. 他就著油燈讀信. He read the letter by the oil lamp.5) 正式協(xié)議 正式聲明 代表團(tuán)的正式成員 formal agreement official statement the full member of the delegation課堂練習(xí)：6) 知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也。7）如果你留下來，我也要留下來。8）小馬也就是十二三歲，臉上還瘦。9）她怎么好好的就自殺了？ 這也怪了！10）說來話長(zhǎng)。11）他的名字我一時(shí)說不上來。12）你連續(xù)三天沒有交作業(yè)，這可說不過去。13）他兩歲就會(huì)看表了。14）我能看出你在想什么。15）你要是覺得這東西還看得過去，就買下來吧。參考答案：6) When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it this is knowledge.7）If you stay, I will, too.8）Xiao Ma was no more than twelve or thirteen years old, with a very lean face.9）Why should she have mitted suicide for no reason? It’s rather odd.10）It’s a long story.11）I can’t recall his name at the moment.12）You have failed to hand in your exercises three days in a row. This is really inexcusable.13）He could tell time even when he was two.14）I can read your mind.15）If you think it’s all right, then buy it. 蘊(yùn)涵意義(connotation, what it suggests beyond what it expresses, the overtones of meaning),指詞語內(nèi)含的情感和聯(lián)想意義，是詞語的隱含意義，反映該民族特有的思維方式和社會(huì)文化.詞的蘊(yùn)涵意義在不同語言中往往有天壤之別，甚至同種語言內(nèi)類似指稱意義的詞語蘊(yùn)涵意義也不盡相同.如: 1) 他是個(gè)紙老虎。 He is a paper tiger. 2) 咱們倆的事，一條繩上拴著兩只螞蚱 誰也跑步了！ We’re like two grasshoppers tied to one cord, neither can get away!.3) ……只因生得嫵媚風(fēng)流，滿學(xué)忠都送了兩個(gè)外號(hào)：一個(gè)叫“香憐”，一個(gè)叫“玉愛”。 a) … because of their glmorous looks and affected manners, were universally known bu the nickname of Darling and Precious. b) But on account of their good looks and charm they were nicknamed Seeetie and Lovely. 除了文化特征外，蘊(yùn)涵意義還體現(xiàn)為詞語的文體特征。如： 4）《紅樓夢(mèng)》中對(duì)女性的稱呼，如“王夫人”、“周瑞家的”的翻譯 Lady Wang。 Zhou Rui’s wife / Mrs. Zhou 5）克明：覺新哪，你聽著! (《家》中高老爺訓(xùn)導(dǎo)覺新的話語） Keming: Juexin, I want you to pay particular attention to this. / Listen, Juexin. 漢語中的顏色詞、疊詞、數(shù)詞等往往也具有豐富的蘊(yùn)涵意義，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)充分考慮它們的特殊內(nèi)涵，再現(xiàn)其蘊(yùn)涵意義。如：6) 客人一走進(jìn)大門，撲鼻的是一陣幽香，入目的是綠蠟似的葉子和紅霞或白雪似的花朵……。 As guests entered the gate, they would first smell a sweet fragrance and then see the waxy green leaves and the rainbowred or snowwhite flowers.7) 晚霞如同一片赤紅的落葉墜到鋪著黃塵的地上，斜陽之下的山岡變成了暗紫，好像是云海之中的礁石。 The evening glow there is like a patch of red leaves fallen on the ground covered with golden dust. Under the sloping sunrays the hills bee dark brown, as if they were rocks among sea of clouds.8）最耐尋味的是秋日天宇的閑云。那么淡淡然、悠悠然，悄悄遠(yuǎn)離塵間，對(duì)俗世悲歡擾攘，不再有動(dòng)于衷。 The thing which gives man most food for thought is the leisure in autumn clouds. As they drift away from the human world, they are so pale, so calm and silent, so indifferent to the worldly sadness and happy outcries …9）…… 三十六家花酒店，七十二座管弦樓 … the countless taverns and music halls.10）它用竹子做骨架，金字屋頂上，覆蓋著蓑衣或松樹皮，臨河四周也是松樹皮編成的女墻，可憑欄品茗，八面來風(fēng)，即便三伏天，這茶居也是一片清涼的世界。 It is built with bamboo as the frame. Its Atyped roof is covered with the straw or pine bark and all the three sides near the river are parapet walls woven with the pine bark. Here you can sip tea with the pleasant breeze from all directions. Even in the hottest days of the year,the tea stall is still place for refreshment.課堂練習(xí)：11）他便變了臉，鐵一般的青。12）她臉色突然變成灰黃，死了似的。13）我們不得不零零星星地償付。14）那條小徑曲曲折折通向山頂。15）湖色越遠(yuǎn)越深，由近到遠(yuǎn)，是銀白、淡藍(lán)、深青、墨綠，非常分明。16）三十幾個(gè)人，三三五五，各自在愛去的地方溜達(dá)。參考答案：11）His plexion changed, and he grew ghastly pale.12）All of a sudden, her face turned ashy pale, and she looked like a corpse.13）We have to pay in dribs and drabs.14）The path zigzags up the hill.15）Farther still, the lake water seems darker, changing from silver white near at hand, through light blue, deep blue, finally to dark green, all being very distinct.16）Thirtyodd of us, in group of threes and fives, strolled wherever we liked.雙人房double room .“假朋友”的識(shí)別首先翻譯以下漢語詞語（CE）青草green grass 　草grass　　　頭head　心heart　　　　　院子yard 　　箱子box桌子table 　　　桌腿 the leg of the table 　腿leg　　陽光sunlight 　　太陽sun　　　頭痛headache心形heartshaped　后院backyard　　信箱mailbox腰waist　　　　　腰帶waistband　　耳環(huán)earrings底價(jià)base