空中領航學(e-01)-資料下載頁
2025-08-05 10:45本頁面
【正文】 thin, or on, the boundary of their respective AQZs during the period of validity of the forecast. The indicated altitude will be within 177。 150 ft of the actual altitude anywhere in the associated AQZ. 177。Air Navigation 空 中 領 航 學 58 Flight Levels Above 10,000 ft (the transition altitude) we select the standard MSL pressure of 1,013 hPa, and with the altimeter set to this, we fly at flight levels. Cruising Flight Levels Cruising Altitudes Air Navigation 空 中 領 航 學 59 Pressure Height (Pressure Altitude) There are two methods of determining pressure altitude: ? we can set 1,013 hPa on the altimeter subscale and read off directly the value of the pressure height。 or ? we can make a simple calculation as shown below, using our knowledge that up to 5,000 ft, the approximate rate of fall of pressure is 1 hPa per 30 ft. Air Navigation 空 中 領 航 學 60 How to find pressure height. Example: When 1,013 is greater than QNH, pressure height is greater than elevation. Air Navigation 空 中 領 航 學 61 How to find pressure height. Example: When 1,013 is less than QNH, pressure height is less than elevation. Air Navigation 空 中 領 航 學 62 Altimeter Setting Rules （高度表撥正規(guī)則） You are not permitted to cruise within the transition layer. Air Navigation 空 中 領 航 學 63 Limitations FL110 is not available for level flight when the Area QNH is less than 1013 HPA。 FL115 is not available for level flight when the Area QNH is less than 997 HPA, and so on. To ensure that the 1,000foot buffer of the transition layer is maintained, the lowest FL available for cruising bees higher and higher with a progressive decrease in the value of the area QNH. Air Navigation 空 中 領 航 學 64 Selection of Cruising Levels Magic Tracks From 000176。 through East to 179176。 From 180176。 through West to 359176。 Cruising Altitude (Area QNH) 1,500 7,500 3,500 9,500 5,500 2,500 8,500 4,500 6,500 Cruising Flight Levels (1013HPA) 115 175 135 195 155 125 185 145 165 Note: Pilots should be aware that VFR aircraft outside controlled airspace may be operating at random levels below 5,000FT AMSL. Air Navigation 空 中 領 航 學 65 Cruising Altitude Air Navigation 空 中 領 航 學 66 Preflight Altimeter Checks It is important that you know that your altimeter is functioning correctly, and rules for preflight checks are given in AIP. VFR Altimeters With an accurate QNH set, a VFR altimeter(s) should read site elevation to within 100FT (110FT at test sites above 3,300FT) to be accepted by the pilot as serviceable. Air Navigation 空 中 領 航 學 67 Accurate QNH and Site Elevation A QNH can be considered accurate if it is provided by ATIS, Tower or an automatic remotereporting aerodrome sensor. Area or forecast QNH must not be used for the test. Site elevation must be derived from aerodrome survey data published by Airservices or supplied by the aerodrome owner. Air Navigation 空 中 領 航 學 68 課件制作 課程講授 飛 行 學 院 Total sheets: 68 課件制作 課程講授 王惠民
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