人事部三級(jí)筆譯-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-08-04 13:47本頁(yè)面
【正文】 ations are financed by government and private donations, including $20 million from Britain, $12 million from Australia, $11 million from Germany and $ million from the United States. The effort to preserve a wide variety of plant genes in banks is particularly urgent because many farms now grow just one or two crops, with very high efficiency. Like purebred dogs perfectly tailored to their task, they are particularly vulnerable to both pests and climate change. 種子地庫(kù)由挪威建造，其日常運(yùn)作經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)自政府和私人捐款，其中包括來(lái)自英國(guó)的2000萬(wàn)美元、澳大利亞的1200萬(wàn)美元、德國(guó)的1100萬(wàn)美元以及來(lái)自美國(guó)的650萬(wàn)美元。因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在許多農(nóng)場(chǎng)僅種植一兩種高產(chǎn)量作物，所以保存一個(gè)物種豐富的植物基因庫(kù)的努力顯得尤為迫切，像經(jīng)馴化后執(zhí)行特定任務(wù)的純種犬一樣，這些作物在蟲害和氣候變化面前特別脆弱，極易受損?！ ?1．Scientists are also working to learn more about the skills encoded in the genes of each banked seed — crucial knowledge that is often not recorded. Ultimately, plant breeders will be able to consult a global database to find seeds with genes suitable for the particular climate challenge confronting a region — for instance, a corn with a stalk that resists storm winds or a wheat that needs less frequent water. 科學(xué)家們也正在努力了解更多關(guān)于為基因庫(kù)各類種子編碼的技能——這些技能是沒(méi)有相關(guān)記載、至關(guān)重要的知識(shí)。最終，植物培育者將能通過(guò)訪問(wèn)全球數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)找到可適應(yīng)某一地區(qū)特殊氣候挑戰(zhàn)的基因種子，如秸稈能夠抵抗暴風(fēng)雨的玉米或是消耗水份較少的小麥。 22．Just at a time when it is important to preserve biodiversity, economics encourages farmers to drop crops. But those seeds may contain traits that will prove advantageous in another place or another time. Scientists at Cornell University recently borrowed a gene from a South American potato to make potatoes that resisted the late blight fungus, a devastating disease that caused the Irish potato famine. 當(dāng)前，保存生物多樣性十分重要，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)卻鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民放棄一些農(nóng)作物的種植。但是這些作物的種子所具有的潛在特性，會(huì)在其他地方、其他時(shí)間顯出優(yōu)勢(shì)。最近，康奈爾大學(xué)的科學(xué)家從南美洲馬鈴薯中提取了一種基因，改良成一種能抵御晚疫病菌的馬鈴薯。正是這種毀滅性疾病導(dǎo)致了愛爾蘭的馬鈴薯饑荒?！ ?3．“You need a system to conserve the variety so it doesn’t go extinct,” Dr. Fowler said. “A farmer may make a bowl of porridge with the last seeds of a strain that is of no use to him, and then it’s gone. And potentially those are exactly the genes we will need a decade later.” 福勒博士說(shuō)：“我們需要一種系統(tǒng)來(lái)保護(hù)物種的多樣性，使其免遭滅絕。例如，一個(gè)農(nóng)民用對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)毫無(wú)用處的某種物種的最后幾粒種子做成了一碗粥，隨后該物種在世界上就不復(fù)存在了。但很可能這些種子恰恰含有我們十年之后所需要的基
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