美國(guó)文學(xué)課件ralph-waldo-emerson-資料下載頁(yè)
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【正文】 （ 明顯的 ） in books III. Action and its relation to experience The last, unnumbered part of the text is devoted to Emerson39。s view on the Duties of the American Scholar who has bee the Man Thinking. Some key points of the speech Writing Style Emerson wrote on a number of subjects, never espousing（ 支持 ） fixed philosophical tes（ 原理 ） , but developing certain ideas such as individuality, freedom, the ability for man to realize almost anything, and the relationship between the soul and the surrounding world. Emerson39。s nature was more philosophical than naturalistic。 Philosophically considered, the universe is posed of Nature and the Soul. While his writing style can be seen as somewhat imperable, and was thought so even in his own time, Emerson?s essays remain one of the linchpins of American thinking, and Emerson?s work has influenced nearly every generation of thinker, writer and poet since his time. When asked to sum up his work, he said his central doctrine was “the infinitude of the private man（ 個(gè)人發(fā)展?jié)摿o(wú)限 ） . Emerson’s aesthetics（ 美 學(xué) ） ? Poets should function as preachers who gave directions to the mass. ? True poetry and true art should ennoble and serve as a moral purification and a passage toward anic unity and higher reality. ? Emerson places emphasis on ideas, symbols and imaginative words. ? As to theme, Emerson called upon American authors to celebrate America and the life today. ? Emerson’s aesthetics brought about a revolution in American literature in general and in American poetry in particular. It marked the birth of true American poetry and true America poets such as Whitman and Dickinson Some of his sayings ? The first wealth is health. 健康是人生的第一筆財(cái)富。 ? A great man is always willing to be little. 偉大的人物總是愿意當(dāng)小人物的。 ? Envy is ignorance and imitation is suicide . 嫉妒乃無(wú)知，模仿即自殺 ? Selftrust is the first secret of success. 自信乃成功之第一秘訣。 ? Progress is the activity of today and the assurance of tomorrow. 進(jìn)步是今天的活動(dòng)，明天的保證。 ? No one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourselves. 除了你自己之外，沒(méi)有人能哄騙你離開(kāi)最后的成功。 Influences or evaluations He opened a new literary plain ,transcendentalism. Emerson?s ideology was regarded as the core of transcendentalism .He is known as the reputation of “American Renaissance leader”. Emerson was a representative who established American culture spirit. Former . President Lincoln called him the American Confucius, the father of the American civilization. He was the first American to call for an independent culture in both Nature and The American Scholar, He called on American writers to write about America in a way peculiarly American. Emerson?s aesthetics places emphasis on ideas, symbol, and imaginative words, which brought about a revolution in American literature in general and in American poetry in particular. He embodied（ 體現(xiàn) ） a new nation?s desire and struggle to assert its own identity in its formative period（ 形成期 ） . In modern times he is sometimes dismissed as having no sense of evil, and his optimistic philosophy as so much Transcendentalist folly（ 愚蠢 ） .
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