【導(dǎo)讀】進(jìn)行、過去將來(lái)等。主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)問題。2）客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)或表示格言或警句。3）按火車、汽車、飛機(jī)等時(shí)刻表將要發(fā)生的事。時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。時(shí)則表示一個(gè)沒有完成且正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。午我在寫一封信。

　　

【正文】 u look tired. I am tired. I _____ the living room all day. (98 N) A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. （ 04北京） A had considered B has been considering C considered D is going to consider 說(shuō)明 ： 這句話的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示 從過去開始的一個(gè)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中 。 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“一直在做” 。 C B 說(shuō)明： 她“一直在考慮返?！笔乾F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，“還沒作決定”是現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果。 用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型 1） It is the first / second time…. that… 結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比較 It’s time that … 結(jié)構(gòu)： It is high time that we went to school. 2） This is the… that… 結(jié)構(gòu)， that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) . This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。 This is the first time (that) I’ve heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。 典型例題 (1) Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am ing (2) Have you ____ been to our town before? No, it’s the first time I ___ here. A. even, e B. even, have e C. ever, e D. ever, have e 注意 ：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。 （錯(cuò)） I have received his letter for a month. （對(duì)） I haven39。t received his letter for almost a month. B D 過去時(shí) 高考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. Nancy is not ing tonight. But she _____! (98 N) A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised 2. My uncle _____ until he was fortyfive. (2020 上海 ) A. married B. didn’t marry C. was not marrying D. would marry 說(shuō)明 ： Nancy 答應(yīng)要來(lái)這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在過去，是過去作出的承諾。 說(shuō)明 ： until 用在肯定句中時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示該動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到 until 后的時(shí)間為止；短暫性動(dòng)詞只能用在否定句中，表示直到此時(shí)該動(dòng)作才開始。本題中 marry 是短暫性動(dòng)詞，所以只能用在否定句中。 B B 3. You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? (N2020) I’m sorry I _______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you. A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say 說(shuō)明 ： 本題的干擾源來(lái)自上下文中的時(shí)態(tài)，上文用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，下文用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以有些人就誤以為此處該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)了。但根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的意思不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，沒有說(shuō)出自己的評(píng)價(jià)是在這段對(duì)話以前的事了，所以要用一般過去時(shí)。 D 4. As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ____ asleep. (95 N) A. read … was falling B. was reading … fell C. was reading … was falling D. read … fell 5. The manager had fallen asleep where he ______, without undressing. （ 05安徽卷） A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied 說(shuō)明 ： 一般來(lái)說(shuō)在復(fù)合句中的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作大都用進(jìn)行時(shí)，短暫性的動(dòng)詞用一般時(shí)，表示在某個(gè)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的過程當(dāng)中另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生了。 說(shuō)明 ： 該題的意思為“經(jīng)理躺在那兒睡著了，衣服也沒脫”。“躺”是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，其過去式和過去分詞為“ lay。 lain”。 lay 是及物動(dòng)詞，過去式和過去分詞為 laid；lied 是“說(shuō)謊”的過去式和過去分詞。 B B 6. The little girl ____ her heart out because she ____ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it. (02 北京 ) A. had cried, lost B. cried, had lost C. has cried, has lost D. cries, has lost 7. — Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. — Oh! I thought they ______ without me. (05江西卷 ) A． went B． are going C． have gone D． had gone 說(shuō)明 ： 哭得傷心發(fā)生在過去，而丟玩具熊發(fā)生在哭之前。兩個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，之前發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，之后發(fā)生的用一般過去時(shí)。 說(shuō)明 ：“ 他沒叫我就走了”這個(gè)動(dòng)作明顯發(fā)生在“我認(rèn)為”之前。所以必須用過去完成時(shí)。 B D 將來(lái)時(shí) 高考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. If a man _____ succeed, he must work as hard as he can. (95 上海 ) A. will B. is to C. is going to D. should 2. You’ve left the light on. Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off. (2020 N) A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going 說(shuō)明 ： 此句的意思為“如果一個(gè)人想要成功，就必須盡力而為”。 If 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，不能用將來(lái)時(shí)。而 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)雖然表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，但它不屬于將來(lái)時(shí)。 說(shuō)明 ： 本句的重點(diǎn)是“并行結(jié)構(gòu)”，關(guān)鍵是看后面的 turn，所以 B、 C、 D、都不符合。 B A 3. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _______for London to attend a meeting. (05天津卷 ) A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left 4. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon. (93 N) A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left 說(shuō)明 ： that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)作“離職”應(yīng)該發(fā)生在“ were surprised” 之后，故需用過去將來(lái)時(shí)。 C B 說(shuō)明 ： by the time 表示“到 …… 為止”“在 …… 之前”，如果主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，一般需要用過去完成時(shí)；如果是將來(lái)，就需用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。 狀語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)問題 高考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. Can I join the club, Dad? You can when you _____ a bit older. (94 N) A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got 2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _____. (2020上海 ) A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive 說(shuō)明 ： 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中沒有將來(lái)時(shí)，需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來(lái)時(shí) 。 說(shuō)明 ： 條件狀語(yǔ)從句中不用將來(lái)時(shí)，但 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)不屬于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)形式。 A B 3. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _____ from the university next year. (2020上海 ) A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate 4. It ____ long before we ____ the result of the experiment. (2020上海春季 ) A. will not be, will know B. is, will know C. will not be, know D. is, know 說(shuō)明 ： by the time 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，故不能使用將來(lái)時(shí)。 D選項(xiàng)雖可考慮，但 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)大多用來(lái)表示“義務(wù)、決定、職責(zé)、約定”等，與句意不合。 說(shuō)明 ： before 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)將來(lái)時(shí)，而主句應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)。 C C