【正文】 adjacent to a mountain. 15. 現(xiàn)在的工作，目前的工作 : current job current vita 履歷表 16. 前述的 17. 過去的研究 : previous studies 18. 魅力的 intriguing 意同於 attractive 有吸引力的 19. 粗糙的 rough 強調(diào)實體 ex: Sea is rough. 20. 額外的 ex: A considerable additional work will be required to solve this problem. 21. 相同的 句型 : be identical to … be same as … 22. 實質(zhì)上的 23. 兩個擇一的 24. 足夠的 adv. adequately、 sufficiently 25. 不明確的、含混的 ambiguous clear ． 折錯風速 ambiguous velocity ． ambiguous idea 反 26. 包圍的 ambient = environmental 27. 結(jié)構(gòu)特徵 structural characteristics 28. 完全的、徹底的 plete inplete ． 完整描述 plete description ex: When I plete this work, I will… ． plete (v.) = finish 完成 反 29. 準確的 30. 關聯(lián)的 31. 原始方程組 : primitive equations 32. 同時的 ex: A and B occurred at the same time. = A and B occurred simultaneously. 33. 暫時的 tentative 暫時的行程 34. 永久的 35. 連續(xù)的 36. 有幫助的 37. 親密的 ex: a close relationship between A and B. = an intimate relationship between A and B. 38. 大略的 ex: a gross feature of the typhoon a detailed feature … 反 翻譯 ? About a half of century before 1990s, the studies of typhoons focus primary on axissymmetric dynamics. The current understanding of typhoon dynamic is base on a areat article by Ooyama In 1968. Under the consideration/scope of axisymmetric dynamics , he proposed six crucial scientific questions. These scientific questions and concepts still remain valuable currently and many of them are important issues in atmospheric sciences. The Ooyama’s concept os summaried below : ? The development and maintenance of typhoons depend on the interaction between convective scale and typhoon vortex scale。 namely typhoon dynamics is related to the interaction between the primary circulation associated with tangential winds and the secondary circulation (., radial wind) induced by the latent heat release and friction。 the latent heat release is the energy source of a typhoon. which is different from midlatitude baroclinic systems. ? Ocean atmosphere interaction is crucial for the development and maintenance of a typhoon. The maintenance of a typhoon isn’t dependent only on convective available potential energy of atmosphere, but calculation of heat flux and oceanatmosphere in an environment of high winds, the importance of the depth of oceanic boundary layer on the intensity of typhoons, and the influence of typhoon an oceanic biology and circulation still deserve (further) investigation in the future. ? Organized convection, which includes convectivescale and vortexscale convection, is important for typhoon development. How typhoon vortex scale influences convective scale and how their feed back is are an unresolved problem of cumulus paramoterization. ? Processes related to tropical cyclone formation, development and maintenance are nonlinear. The response of the atmospheric vortex to the moist convection is also nonlinear. The following factors contributing to the formation of TC are still required to be further examined : (1) mid – level moisture, (2) interseasonal oscillation, (3) vertical wind shear, (4) role of airsea interaction. ? The interaction of the atmosphere and ocean is largely affected by the entrained dry air from the top of the boundary layer. How the model handle this process and the parameterization of the turbulence of boundary layer are not solved yet in atmospheric sciences. ? Deep inflow is required for typhoon’s development。 namely the presence/existence of inflow above the boundary layer may contribute to the cyclonegenesis. The physical factors responsible for the deep inflow and vortex contraction and strengening are still an interesting scientific question. The reason/cause for this is perhaps due to the side entrainment of deep convection or the barotropic instability of vortex eyewall. The problem of the cloud sode or cloud top entrainment is also/closely related to the cumulus dynamics and parameterization.