【正文】 namely the presence/existence of inflow above the boundary layer may contribute to the cyclonegenesis. The physical factors responsible for the deep inflow and vortex contraction and strengening are still an interesting scientific question. The reason/cause for this is perhaps due to the side entrainment of deep convection or the barotropic instability of vortex eyewall. The problem of the cloud sode or cloud top entrainment is also/closely related to the cumulus dynamics and parameterization. 。 namely typhoon dynamics is related to the interaction between the primary circulation associated with tangential winds and the secondary circulation (., radial wind) induced by the latent heat release and friction。對(duì)你而言是了 解的 ) = …It seems that…( 似乎是 …) ? It seems to me that …(… 對(duì)我而言似乎是 …) ? It’s hard to tell.(這很難說 ) =Hard to tell. =Case by case 反 36. 忽略 37. 發(fā)展 ? 由小到大 : grow ? development (n.) ? This issue is beyond the scope of the book. 這議題超出本書的範(fàn)圍 ? You deserve ? The possibility of formation = the formative possibility the possibility of development the possibility of creating positive PV ? I appreciate very much = I highly appreciate 我非常感激 ? strong winds 強(qiáng)風(fēng) = high winds = intense winds = severe winds adj.(形容詞 ) 1. 主要的 以 majorヽ mainヽ primary最常用 2. 明顯的ヽ顯著的 ex: One of the most striking topographic effects is the upstream blocking. insignificant significant 反 3. 後來ヽ其後的 ex: 。 subsequently, ex: As a result, … = As a consequence,… ex: 有四張地圖 ,要說明時(shí)間序列可用下句 A sequence of surface analysis indicates… 兩者不同 時(shí)間在前 時(shí)間在後 14. 儀器 instrument ex: 觀測(cè)儀器 observational instrument 設(shè)備 equipment 15. 一致 16. 障礙物 ?大氣中常指的障礙物 barrier乃指山 (mountain barrier) ex: barrier jet ex: mountain–parallel wind maximum,即 barrier jet barrier 二維 obstacle 三維 ? 17. 現(xiàn)象 單數(shù) phenomenon 複數(shù) phenomena ex: Barrier jet is an important phenomenon in Taiwan. Many weather phenomena in Taiwan are related to orographic effects. 18. decent 下降 updraft (上升 ) w:較大 .尺度較小 ascent (上升 ) w:較小 .尺度較大 downdraft (下降 ) decent (下降 ) 通常形容氣流慢慢上升或慢慢下降用 ascentヽ decent 通常做中小尺度常用 updraft, 大尺度多用 ascent ? ascend (Vt.) 19. 對(duì)流層 lower troposphere ( 高度 5km) middle troposphere (~ 5km) 4~6km upper troposphere ( 7~8km) lowtomiddle troposphere (2~5km) midtohigh troposphere (= 5km) 近地面 low levels (at low levels) 最低層 the lowest level near surface 20. scenario 描述整個(gè)事件的情況 ,一個(gè)事件的過程 Vt.(動(dòng)詞 ) 1. 預(yù)測(cè) ? realize 與 visualize 之差異 2. 變寬 ? broaden = bee wider ex: The frontal zone broadened in the next three hours. = The frontal zone became wider in the next three hours. ex: The frontal zone (which is) characterized by pronounced temperature gradient… 3. 闡明 ex: We will elucidate this point (more detailedly) in section 4. ? interpret 詮釋 (v.) interpretation (n.) ex: Increase in temperature is interpreted as a result of warm advection. 溫度的增加可以詮釋為暖平流的結(jié)果 4. 強(qiáng)調(diào) ex: We will emphasize this later. ex: We will emphasize the role of cloud physics in the formation/generation of this phenomenon. 我們將要強(qiáng)調(diào)雲(yún)物理的角色在這現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生 5. 執(zhí)行 ex: execute a flight mission 不可用 on 6. 認(rèn)為 ex: Coastal Range can be (reasonably) considered/regarded as a twodimensional barrier. ex: In this study, Coastal Rang is assumed to be a twodimensional barrier. 7. 推測(cè) ? speculation (n.) ex: Too many speculation are found in your paper.(文章太多推測(cè)不好 ) = Your paper is filled with speculations. ? conjecture 和 speculate頇以人為主詞 8. 允許 ex: Measurements from disdrometer allow us to study the (characteristic of) dropsize distributions. ex: DualDoppler synthesis p