【正文】 流動性好，可承受中等彎曲應(yīng)力（約為 107 Mpa）摩擦面壓強(qiáng)大于 5Mpa,可用來制造工作臺，及工作臺底座。510?減速器殼體材料選擇 ZL111。適用于砂型、金屬型鑄造系鋁硅銅鎂鈦多金，其優(yōu)點(diǎn)為： 1)鑄造性能良好，流動性好，充型能力優(yōu)良，一般無熱裂傾向，線收縮小，氣密性高，可經(jīng)受高壓氣壓和液壓作用； 2)在熔煉中需進(jìn)行變質(zhì)處理，可經(jīng)熱處理強(qiáng)化，在鑄態(tài)或熱處理后的力洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）36學(xué)性能是鉛硅系合金中最好的，可和高強(qiáng)度鋁合金 ZL20 想媲美； 3)可切削加工性和焊接性良好。 本設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)架的結(jié)構(gòu)和主要尺寸 基于以上原則，本設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)架的形狀如下，其實(shí)體圖如圖 81圖 71 機(jī)架實(shí)體機(jī)架總體尺寸較大，通常加工過程中采用板料焊接成型，焊接件多用鑄鋼件，結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)遵循在滿足使用要求的前提下力求簡單經(jīng)濟(jì)的原則 [16]，各尺寸要嚴(yán)格滿足配合件之間的要求，使裝配方便合理。機(jī)架上主要尺寸的設(shè)計(jì)如下：，有支撐架支撐。平衡板的厚度為 20mm，長度為50mm。彎曲弧度為 1500，支撐高為 300mm。 。5013???高寬長 1 和 2，兩者間距為 3600mm,還有 2 個起中間支撐作用的支撐架其間距為 1800mm。，各梁間距 420mm。，用電機(jī)通用安裝架安裝支撐固定。 CAD 圖。洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）37 結(jié)　論本課題研究的是 U 型冷完成型機(jī)軋輥的設(shè)計(jì)：通過課題安排，首先分析計(jì)算給定成型零件的特征來設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算出各道次軋輥的尺寸、形狀，還包括其關(guān)聯(lián)部件的選用、校核，最終設(shè)計(jì)出一臺簡單的冷彎成型機(jī)（機(jī)械部分） 。設(shè)計(jì)的過程包括電機(jī)的選取、傳動部分的設(shè)計(jì)、軸系部分的設(shè)計(jì)、各部分定位件的選取及機(jī)架的設(shè)計(jì)。在設(shè)計(jì)過程中，每一部分的設(shè)計(jì)都非常細(xì)致、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，查閱了很多的資料，嚴(yán)格按照國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行。機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該盡可能的簡化設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)器的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸，做到經(jīng)濟(jì)合理，在滿足工作要求的同時(shí)還要滿足國家制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在設(shè)計(jì)過程中有些數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)算出來了，但設(shè)計(jì)的時(shí)候還是根據(jù)一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)分配、選取參數(shù)來設(shè)計(jì)和繪圖，而且在軋輥的尺寸擬定和傳動部分還是出現(xiàn)了不太合理的地方，有待于改進(jìn)。比如：如何傳動才能保證零件較高的精度；材料的選擇是否考慮承載載荷和材料的浪費(fèi)。在沒有做畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)以前覺得畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)只是對這幾年來所學(xué)知識的大概總結(jié)，但是真的面對畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的想法基本是錯誤的。畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)不僅是對前面所學(xué)知識的一種檢驗(yàn)，而且也是對自己能力的一種提高。通過這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)使我明白了自己原來知識太理論化了，面對單獨(dú)的課題的是感覺很茫然。自己要學(xué)習(xí)的東西還太多，以前老是覺得自己什么東西都會，什么東西都懂，有點(diǎn)眼高手低。通過這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，我才明白學(xué)習(xí)是一個長期積累的過程，在以后的工作、生活中都應(yīng)該不斷的學(xué)習(xí)，努力提高自己知識和綜合素質(zhì)。洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文38謝 辭經(jīng)過幾個月的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，我基本完成了 U 型冷完成型機(jī)軋輥部分及其相關(guān)傳動部分的設(shè)計(jì)。通過這次設(shè)計(jì)我獲益良多，總體提高了自我創(chuàng)新意識和繪圖能力。但在這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)過程中，遇到了不少困難，碰到了自己難以解決的難題。這期間多虧了馬利民老師的細(xì)心指導(dǎo)和身邊同學(xué)的熱心幫助。首先我要感謝馬老師，在設(shè)計(jì)中是他給了我細(xì)心詳盡的指導(dǎo)。不僅給我講解設(shè)計(jì)中的注意事項(xiàng)，并且要我把理論知識多多結(jié)合到實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中，給我講解了一系列的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)。還有小組內(nèi)的成員的資料分享，宿舍兄弟的熱心探討。在設(shè)計(jì)的這段時(shí)間中，我查閱了許多的資料，學(xué)校的圖書館和電子閱覽室是我常去的地方，在那里的老師給了我許多的幫助，在這里也誠摯地感謝他們。同時(shí)也要感謝在設(shè)計(jì)中幫助過我的同學(xué)們，通過同學(xué)們的團(tuán)結(jié)互助和共同探討，我得到了許多寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。我真誠地感謝所有幫助過我的人，同時(shí)也祝他們健康快樂，愉快地度過每一天。洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文39參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 石京，[J].軋鋼，1998：7.[2] [M].北京：高等教育出版社，2022：20～50.[3] 濮良貴，[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2022：165～383.[4] (日 )小奈弘著 ,[M].北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2022：1～11.[5] (加 )喬治 哈姆斯著，[M].北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出?版社，2022：1～4. [6] [M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2022：38～58.[7] [M].北京：國防科技大學(xué)出版社，2022：3～10.[8] 史永凌，[J].焊管，2022：2.[9] [M].西安：西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社，2022：39～42.[10] [M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2022：134～190.[11] 劉建華，[M].北京：電子工業(yè)出版社，2022：34～56.[12] [M].北京：北京理工大學(xué)出版社，1998：34～67.[13] [M].北京：中國石化出版社，1995：23～25.[14] Ⅰ[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2022：300～350.[15] 陳良玉，[M].東北大學(xué)出版社，2022：139～170.[16] [M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2022：89～91.洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文40外文資料翻譯EXTENDING BEARING LIFEAbstract：Nature works hard to destroy bearings, but their chances of survival can be improved by following a few simple guidelines. Extreme neglect in a bearing leads to overheating and possibly seizure or, at worst, an explosion. But even a failed bearing leaves clues as to what went wrong. After a little detective work, action can be taken to avoid a repeat performance. Key words: bearings ；failures ；life Bearings fail for a number of reasons，but the most mon are misapplication，contamination，improper lubricant，shipping or handling damage，and misalignment. The problem is often not difficult to diagnose because a failed bearing usually leaves telltale signs about what went wrong．However，while a postmortem yields good information，it is better to avoid the process altogether by specifying the bearing correctly in The first place．To do this，it is useful to review the manufacturers sizing guidelines and operating characteristics for the selected bearing.Equally critical is a study of requirements for noise, torque, and runout, as well as possible exposure to contaminants, hostile liquids, and temperature extremes. This can provide further clues as to whether a bearing is right for a job.1. Why bearings failAbout 40% of ball bearing failures are caused by contamination from dust, dirt, shavings, and corrosion. Contamination also causes torque and noise problems, and is often the result of improper handling or the application environment．Fortunately, a bearing failure caused by environment or handling contamination is preventable，and a 洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文41simple visual examination can easily identify the cause．Conducting a postmortem il1ustrates what to look for on a failed or failing bearing．Then，understanding the mechanism behind the failure, such as brinelling or fatigue, helps eliminate the source of the problem.Brinelling is one type of bearing failure easily avoided by proper handing and assembly. It is characterized by indentations in the bearing raceway caused by shock loading－such as when a bearing is droppedor incorrect assembly. Brinelling usually occurs when loads exceed the material yield point(350,000 psi in SAE 52100 chrome steel)．It may also be caused by improper assembly, Which places a load across the races．Raceway dents also produce noise，vibration，and increased torque.A similar defect is a pattern of elliptical dents caused by balls vibrating between raceways while the bearing is not turning．This problem is called false brinelling. It occurs on equipment in transit or that vibrates when not in operation. In addition, debris created by false brinelling acts like an abrasive, further contaminating the bearing. Unlike brinelling, false binelling is often indicated by a reddish color from fretting corrosion in the lubricant.False brinelling is prevented by eliminating vibration sources and keeping the bearing well lubricated. Isolation pads on the equipment or a separate foundation may be required to reduce environmental vibration. Also a light preload on the bearing helps keep the balls and raceway in tight contact. Preloading also helps prevent false brinelling during transit.Seizures can be caused by a lack of internal clearance, improper lubrication, or excessive loading. Before seizing, excessive, friction and heat softens the bearing steel. Overheated bearings often change color，usually to blueblack or straw colored．Friction also causes stress in the retainer，which can break and hasten bearing failure．Premature material fatigue is caused by a high load or excessi