【正文】 ，哈爾濱工程大學(xué)出版社，1996年11月，第一版[4] 于坤炎，馬洪文編著，現(xiàn)代轎車制動(dòng)防抱死系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造原理與檢修，北京理工大學(xué)出版社，1999年12月，第一版[5] 汪立亮，徐淼，章宏編著，現(xiàn)代汽車自動(dòng)防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)（ABS）原理與檢修，電子工業(yè)出版社，2000年1月，第一版[6] 柯愈治編著，與學(xué)者談現(xiàn)代汽車防抱死（ABS）技術(shù)，四川科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社，1998年9月，第一版[7] 洪慕綏等編著，中外名牌汽車維修大全，上海交通大學(xué)出版社，1998年6月，第一版[8] 向麗康，黃順根，汽車制動(dòng)特性與防抱死系統(tǒng)，汽車工藝與材料，1998年第3期[9] 胡羽，何維廉，ABS系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)分析及設(shè)計(jì)，傳動(dòng)技術(shù)，1992年第二期[10] 柯愈治，ABS壓力調(diào)節(jié)器的技術(shù)規(guī)范及驗(yàn)證，專用汽車，1997年第4期[11] 柯愈治，ABS調(diào)節(jié)壓力方法的研究，專用汽車，1996年第2期[12] 范剛等，汽車防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)仿真及控制邏輯分析，華南理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)，第26卷第10期[13] 莊儒耀，汽車防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)及檢修，中南汽車運(yùn)輸，1998年第1期[14] 程軍，王濤，王西山，重型車裝ABS道路適應(yīng)性試驗(yàn)，重型汽車，1998年第4期[15] 周建友，吳誥珪，方立群，汽車制動(dòng)防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中的制動(dòng)力分配控制邏輯，機(jī)械開發(fā)，1998年第2期[16] W . C . Lin etal , Design and analysis of an antilock brake control system with electric brake actuator Int . J . of Vehicle Design , Vol . 14 .No .1,1993: 1343[17] Mark Akey . Development of Fuzzy Logic ABS Control for Commercial Trucks, SAE paper ,[18] , et al , Traction Control System Simulation analysis of control system , Int . J. of Vehicle Design , Vol . 12, Nol 1991。 89~96[19] Anton T . van Zanten , Rainer Erhardt , Georg Pfaff . VDC , The Vehicle Dynamics Control System of Bosch . SAE Paper ,No . 950759[20] H . Decker ,J . Wrede . A Proposal for Classification of Electronically Controlled Braking System for Commercial Vehicle . XI International Heavy Vehicle Conference, Budapest , September 1994致 謝經(jīng)過了近半年的辛勤工作，我的畢業(yè)論文的制作任務(wù)已經(jīng)接近了尾聲。在這次論文的撰寫過程中，曾遇到了諸多困難，這其中包括許多事以前從未預(yù)想和預(yù)見到的難題，使這次的論文任務(wù)增加了很大的難度。幸好有張玉書老師和同學(xué)們的鼎力相助，我才得以逐一的排除種種困難，最終得以完成此次畢業(yè)論文。在這里我衷心地感謝在這次論文編寫過程中曾幫助過我的諸位老師和同學(xué)，各位老師是在業(yè)余時(shí)間里擠出時(shí)間來幫助我解決各個(gè)疑難問題的，同學(xué)們也是在制作畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的同時(shí)對(duì)我進(jìn)行幫助的，如果沒有這些無私的幫助，這次畢業(yè)論文的編寫工作是很難完成的。在此，我還要特別的感謝我的論文指導(dǎo)老師——張玉書老師，張玉書老師平時(shí)工作非常繁忙，但張老師總是利用他的休息時(shí)間，幫助我們進(jìn)行畢業(yè)論文的編寫工作。正是有了張老師的細(xì)心講解和指導(dǎo)，才使我能夠抓住畢業(yè)論文的重點(diǎn)，明確制作方向，少走了很多的彎路，最終完成這次畢業(yè)論文工作。證實(shí)了張老師兢兢業(yè)業(yè)的工作作風(fēng)，深深的感染著我，激勵(lì)我把這篇論文做好。感謝各位老師,在白忙中抽出時(shí)間來審閱我的論文。最后,我再次對(duì)所有曾經(jīng)無私的指導(dǎo)和幫助過我的老師和同學(xué)表示最由衷的感謝!敬禮！英文原文The antilock braking system anomaly: a drinking driver problemDavid W. Harless , George E. HofferDepartment of Economics, Virginia Commonwealth Uni_ersity, Box 844000, Richmond, VA 23284, USAReceived 30 November 2000。 received in revised form 19 February 2001。 accepted 28 February 2001An important anomaly with the incorporation of safety appliances into motor vehicles is the ineffectiveness – and even perverse effects – of antilock braking systems (ABS), particularly as measured by fatal crash involvement. Analyses of insurance claims in the US (Highway Loss Data Institute, 1994, 1995) showed no change in claim frequency after a set of GM vehicles adopted antilock brakes in 1992 despite engineering studies showing antilock brakes resulted in much better braking performance, especially on wet roads. Using the same group of GM vehicles, Farmer et al. (1997) found that adoption of ABS resulted in more 1993–1995 crashes resulting in the death of an ABS vehicle occupant. Another group of vehicles that adopted antilock brakes as early as 1985 were found to have been involved in both more fatal crashes resulting in the death of an ABS vehicle occupant and more involvements overall. These perverse effects were most evident in singlevehicle crashes. Updating the earlier paper with 1996–1998 data on the same two groups of vehicles, Farmer (2001) finds that the ABSequipped vehicles no longer had a worse fatal accident involvement rate[16].The ABS anomaly has sparked a large program of research at the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration, the many ponents of which are described by Garrott and Mazzae (1999). Several explanations have been forwarded for the anomaly. First, consistent with the risk pensation hypothesis, the higher incidence of fatal crashes could be due to increased speed and aggressiveness by drivers of ABS equipped vehicles (Evans, 1995。 Evans and Gerrish, 1996). Second, there may be problems with improper operation of ABSequipped vehicles: the higher incidence of single vehicle crashes could be due to abrupt steering changes by panicked drivers inexperienced with ABS reacting instinctively in emergency situations (Kahane, 1994). With ordinary brakes, such steering changes have no effect if the brakes are locked. The subsequent attenuation of the ABS anomaly (Hertz et * Corresponding author. Tel.: +18048287190。 fax: + address: dwharles@ (. Harless).00014575/02/$ see front matter 169。 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights : S00014575(01)000306 . 334 Harless, . Hoffer / Accident Analysis and Pre_ention 34 (2002) 333–341 al., 1998, 2000。 Farmer, 2001) may be due in part to drivers accumulating more experience using antilock In this paper we report strong evidence supporting Kahane’s hypothesis that the ABS anomaly occurs because of improper operation of antilock brakes. We examine the sample of vehicle lines adopting ABS used by Farmer et al. (1997) and Farmer (2001) and apply the same risk ratio analysis to show that the perverse effects of ABS are confined largely to drinking drivers.We find dramatic differences between drinking and sober drivers in the rate of fatal accidents in ABS equipped vehicles pared to control vehicles. For example, in the sample of GM vehicles that adopted ABS in 1992, consider the rate of fatal accident involvements resulting in the death of an ABS vehicle occupant in the years 1993–1995: In the risk ratio analysis we find that the number of such accidents involving drinking drivers was 82% higher than expected (P=?11). When there is an ABS problem (., the years 1993–1995 for the GM vehicle sample) there are large differences between the risk ratios for drinking and sober drivers。 when there is no ABS problem (., the years 1996–1998) the differences between drinking and sober drivers disappear. We also show that the attenuation of the ABS problem after the first four years of vehicle service, as in Farmer (2001), was also evident in the earlier group of vehicles which adopted ABS as early as 1985.We follow Farmer et al. in paring the