【正文】 perty, whether ship or goods, is expressly warranted neutral, there is an implied condition that the property shall have a neutral character at the mencement of the risk, and that, so far as the assured can control the matter, its neutral character shall be preserved during the risk. (2) Where a ship is expressly warranted “neutral” there is also an implied condition that, so far as the assured can control the matter, she shall be properly documented, that is to say, that she shall carry the necessary papers to establish her neutrality, and that she shall not falsify or suppress her papers, or use simulated papers. If any loss occurs through breach of this condition, the insurer may avoid the contract. 36．（1）在保險(xiǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)，不論是船舶還是貨物，明確宣布保證中立之場(chǎng)合，存在一項(xiàng)默示條件，即在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)開(kāi)始時(shí)，該項(xiàng)財(cái)產(chǎn)應(yīng)為中立性質(zhì)，而且在被保險(xiǎn)人能控制的范圍內(nèi)，在整個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)期間應(yīng)保持這種中立性質(zhì)。 （2）在船舶明文保證中立之情況下，亦存在一項(xiàng)默示條件，即在被保險(xiǎn)人能控制的范圍內(nèi)，該船舶應(yīng)適當(dāng)備齊各種證件；亦即，該船舶必須攜帶表明其中立性質(zhì)的必要文件，并不得偽造或隱匿證件或使用假文件。 對(duì)因違反此項(xiàng)條件所產(chǎn)生的任何損失，保險(xiǎn)人可以解除合同。 第37條 無(wú)默示船籍保證（No implied warranty of nationality） 37．There is no implied warranty as to the nationality of a shipper that her nationality shall not be changed during the risk. 37．關(guān)于船舶的國(guó)籍不存在默示保證，也不存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)期間其船籍不變的默示保證。 第38條 完好安全保證（Warranty of good safety） 38. Where the subjectmatter insured is warranted “well” or “in good safety” on a particular day, it is sufficient if it be safe at any time during that day. 38．在被保險(xiǎn)人保證保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的在某一特定日期內(nèi)保持“良好”或“完好安全”之情況下，只要保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的在該日期的任何時(shí)候處于安全狀態(tài)便已足夠。 第39條 船舶適航保證（Warranty of seaworthiness of ship） 39.(1) In a voyage policy there is an implied warranty that at the mencement of the voyage the ship shall be seaworthy for the purpose of the particular adventure insured. (2) Where the policy attaches while the ship is in port, there is also an implied warranty that she shall, at the mencement of the risk, be reasonably fit to encounter the ordinary perils of the port. (3) Where the policy relates to a voyage which is performed in different stages, during which the ship requires different kinds of or further preparation or equipment, there is an implied warranty that at the mencement of each stage the ship is seaworthy in respect of such preparation or equipment for the , purposes of that stage. (4) A ship is deemed to be seaworthy when she is reasonably fit in all respects to encounter the ordinary perils of the seas of the adventure insured. (5) In a time policy there is no implied warranty that the ship shall be seaworthy at any stage of the adventure, but where, with the private of the assured, the ship is sent to sea in an unseaworthy state, the insurer is not liable for any loss attributable to unseaworthiness.” 39（1）在航次保險(xiǎn)單中有一項(xiàng)默示保證，即在為承保的特定海上冒險(xiǎn)之目的而開(kāi)始其航次當(dāng)時(shí)，船舶應(yīng)適航。 （2）保險(xiǎn)單訂立時(shí)若船舶停泊于港口，亦有一項(xiàng)默示保證，即在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)開(kāi)始時(shí)，船舶應(yīng)合理適宜面對(duì)該港口的通常危險(xiǎn)。 （3）在保險(xiǎn)單有關(guān)的航次分不同階段履行之場(chǎng)合，在各個(gè)階段中，船舶需要不同種類的裝備或進(jìn)一步準(zhǔn)備，有一項(xiàng)默示保證，在每一階段開(kāi)始時(shí)，為各該階段之目的，船舶就有關(guān)此種準(zhǔn)備或裝備是適航的。 （4）船舶在所有方面合理適宜面對(duì)承保的海上冒險(xiǎn)中通常海上危險(xiǎn)，即被視為適航。 （5）在船舶定期保險(xiǎn)單中，不存在船舶在海上冒險(xiǎn)的任何階段應(yīng)當(dāng)適航的默示保證，但若被保險(xiǎn)人私謀，將處于不適航狀態(tài)下的船舶派出海，保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)可歸因于不適航的任何損失不負(fù)責(zé)任。 第40條 無(wú)貨物適航的默示保證（No implied warranty that goods are seaworthy） （1）In a policy on goods or other movables there is no implied warranty that the goods or movables are seaworthy. (2) In a voyage policy on goods or other movables there is an implied warranty that at the mencement of the voyage the ship is not only seaworthy as a ship, but also that she is reasonably fit to carry the goods or other movables to the destination contemplated by the policy.” （1）在貨物或其他動(dòng)產(chǎn)的保險(xiǎn)單中，不存在該貨物或動(dòng)產(chǎn)適航的默示保證。 （2）在貨物或其他動(dòng)產(chǎn)的航次保險(xiǎn)單中，存在著一項(xiàng)默示保證：在船舶航次開(kāi)始當(dāng)時(shí)，不僅船舶本身適航，而且船舶還合理適宜運(yùn)送貨物或其他動(dòng)產(chǎn)至保險(xiǎn)單預(yù)定的目的地。 第41條 合法保證（Warranty of legality） There is an implied warranty that the adventure insured is a lawful one, and that, so far as the assured can control the matter, the adventure shall be carried out in a lawful manner. 有一項(xiàng)承保的海上冒險(xiǎn)是合法的默示保證，且就被保險(xiǎn)人所能控制的問(wèn)題而言，該海上冒險(xiǎn)應(yīng)當(dāng)以合法的方式進(jìn)行。 航程（The Voyage） 第42條 關(guān)于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)開(kāi)始的默示條件（Implied condition as to mencement of risk） 42.(1) Where the subjectmatter is insured by a voyage policy ‘a(chǎn)t and from’ or ‘from’ a particular place, it is not necessary that the ship should be at that place when the contract is concluded, but there is an implied condition that the adventure shall be menced within a reasonable time, and that if the adventure be not so menced the insurer may avoid the contract. (2) The implied condition any be negative by showing that the delay was caused by circumstances known to the insurer before the contract was concluded, or by showing that he waived the condition. 42．（1）在保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的是按“在和從”或“從”某一特定地點(diǎn)開(kāi)始的航次保險(xiǎn)單承保之場(chǎng)合，在簽訂該合同時(shí)，該船無(wú)需在該指定地點(diǎn)，但有一項(xiàng)默示條件，即該冒險(xiǎn)應(yīng)在合理時(shí)間內(nèi)開(kāi)始，如果該冒險(xiǎn)未在該時(shí)間內(nèi)開(kāi)始，保險(xiǎn)人可以撤銷合同。 （2）通過(guò)證明延遲是由于保險(xiǎn)人在簽訂保險(xiǎn)合同之前已知道的情況造成的，或證明保險(xiǎn)人已放棄該默示條件，該默示條件可以被否定。 第43條 啟航港的變更（Alteration of port of departure） 43. Where the place of departure is specified by the policy, and the ship instead of sailing from that place sails from any other place, the risk does not attach. 43．在保險(xiǎn)單已明確規(guī)定了啟航地之情況下，船舶未從該地而是從任何其他地點(diǎn)啟航，保險(xiǎn)單不承保該風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 第44條 駛往不同的目的港（Sailing for different destination） 44. Where the place destination is specified in the policy, and the ship, instead of sailing for that destination, sails for any other destination, the risk does not attach. 44．若保險(xiǎn)單已明確規(guī)定了目的港，但船舶不駛往該目的港，而駛往任何其他目的港時(shí)，保險(xiǎn)單不承保該風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 第45條 改變航程（Change of voyage） 45.(1) Where, after the mencement of the risk, the destination of the ship is voluntarily changed from the destination contemplated by the policy there is said to be a change of voyage. (2) Unless the policy otherwise provides, where there is a change of voyage, the insurer is discharged from liability as from the time of change , that is to say, as from the time when the determination to change it is manifested。 and it is immaterial that the ship may not in fact have left the course of voyage contemplated by the policy when the loss occurs. 45．（1）如果在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)開(kāi)始后，船舶自愿地改變保險(xiǎn)單預(yù)定的目的港，即構(gòu)成航程變更。 （2）除非保險(xiǎn)單另有規(guī)定，如存在航程變更，保險(xiǎn)人自該變更之時(shí)起，亦即，自變更決定被證明之時(shí)起，即免除責(zé)任；至于船舶發(fā)生滅失當(dāng)時(shí)可能事實(shí)上尚未偏離保險(xiǎn)單預(yù)定的航線則無(wú)關(guān)緊要。 第46條 繞航（Deviation） 46. (1) Where a ship, without lawful excuse, deviates from the voyage c