【正文】 perty, whether ship or goods, is expressly warranted neutral, there is an implied condition that the property shall have a neutral character at the mencement of the risk, and that, so far as the assured can control the matter, its neutral character shall be preserved during the risk. (2) Where a ship is expressly warranted “neutral” there is also an implied condition that, so far as the assured can control the matter, she shall be properly documented, that is to say, that she shall carry the necessary papers to establish her neutrality, and that she shall not falsify or suppress her papers, or use simulated papers. If any loss occurs through breach of this condition, the insurer may avoid the contract. 36．（1）在保險財產，不論是船舶還是貨物，明確宣布保證中立之場合，存在一項默示條件，即在風險開始時，該項財產應為中立性質，而且在被保險人能控制的范圍內，在整個風險期間應保持這種中立性質。 （2）在船舶明文保證中立之情況下，亦存在一項默示條件，即在被保險人能控制的范圍內，該船舶應適當備齊各種證件；亦即，該船舶必須攜帶表明其中立性質的必要文件，并不得偽造或隱匿證件或使用假文件。 對因違反此項條件所產生的任何損失，保險人可以解除合同。 第37條 無默示船籍保證（No implied warranty of nationality） 37．There is no implied warranty as to the nationality of a shipper that her nationality shall not be changed during the risk. 37．關于船舶的國籍不存在默示保證，也不存在風險期間其船籍不變的默示保證。 第38條 完好安全保證（Warranty of good safety） 38. Where the subjectmatter insured is warranted “well” or “in good safety” on a particular day, it is sufficient if it be safe at any time during that day. 38．在被保險人保證保險標的在某一特定日期內保持“良好”或“完好安全”之情況下，只要保險標的在該日期的任何時候處于安全狀態(tài)便已足夠。 第39條 船舶適航保證（Warranty of seaworthiness of ship） 39.(1) In a voyage policy there is an implied warranty that at the mencement of the voyage the ship shall be seaworthy for the purpose of the particular adventure insured. (2) Where the policy attaches while the ship is in port, there is also an implied warranty that she shall, at the mencement of the risk, be reasonably fit to encounter the ordinary perils of the port. (3) Where the policy relates to a voyage which is performed in different stages, during which the ship requires different kinds of or further preparation or equipment, there is an implied warranty that at the mencement of each stage the ship is seaworthy in respect of such preparation or equipment for the , purposes of that stage. (4) A ship is deemed to be seaworthy when she is reasonably fit in all respects to encounter the ordinary perils of the seas of the adventure insured. (5) In a time policy there is no implied warranty that the ship shall be seaworthy at any stage of the adventure, but where, with the private of the assured, the ship is sent to sea in an unseaworthy state, the insurer is not liable for any loss attributable to unseaworthiness.” 39（1）在航次保險單中有一項默示保證，即在為承保的特定海上冒險之目的而開始其航次當時，船舶應適航。 （2）保險單訂立時若船舶停泊于港口，亦有一項默示保證，即在風險開始時，船舶應合理適宜面對該港口的通常危險。 （3）在保險單有關的航次分不同階段履行之場合，在各個階段中，船舶需要不同種類的裝備或進一步準備，有一項默示保證，在每一階段開始時，為各該階段之目的，船舶就有關此種準備或裝備是適航的。 （4）船舶在所有方面合理適宜面對承保的海上冒險中通常海上危險，即被視為適航。 （5）在船舶定期保險單中，不存在船舶在海上冒險的任何階段應當適航的默示保證，但若被保險人私謀，將處于不適航狀態(tài)下的船舶派出海，保險人對可歸因于不適航的任何損失不負責任。 第40條 無貨物適航的默示保證（No implied warranty that goods are seaworthy） （1）In a policy on goods or other movables there is no implied warranty that the goods or movables are seaworthy. (2) In a voyage policy on goods or other movables there is an implied warranty that at the mencement of the voyage the ship is not only seaworthy as a ship, but also that she is reasonably fit to carry the goods or other movables to the destination contemplated by the policy.” （1）在貨物或其他動產的保險單中，不存在該貨物或動產適航的默示保證。 （2）在貨物或其他動產的航次保險單中，存在著一項默示保證：在船舶航次開始當時，不僅船舶本身適航，而且船舶還合理適宜運送貨物或其他動產至保險單預定的目的地。 第41條 合法保證（Warranty of legality） There is an implied warranty that the adventure insured is a lawful one, and that, so far as the assured can control the matter, the adventure shall be carried out in a lawful manner. 有一項承保的海上冒險是合法的默示保證，且就被保險人所能控制的問題而言，該海上冒險應當以合法的方式進行。 航程（The Voyage） 第42條 關于風險開始的默示條件（Implied condition as to mencement of risk） 42.(1) Where the subjectmatter is insured by a voyage policy ‘at and from’ or ‘from’ a particular place, it is not necessary that the ship should be at that place when the contract is concluded, but there is an implied condition that the adventure shall be menced within a reasonable time, and that if the adventure be not so menced the insurer may avoid the contract. (2) The implied condition any be negative by showing that the delay was caused by circumstances known to the insurer before the contract was concluded, or by showing that he waived the condition. 42．（1）在保險標的是按“在和從”或“從”某一特定地點開始的航次保險單承保之場合，在簽訂該合同時，該船無需在該指定地點，但有一項默示條件，即該冒險應在合理時間內開始，如果該冒險未在該時間內開始，保險人可以撤銷合同。 （2）通過證明延遲是由于保險人在簽訂保險合同之前已知道的情況造成的，或證明保險人已放棄該默示條件，該默示條件可以被否定。 第43條 啟航港的變更（Alteration of port of departure） 43. Where the place of departure is specified by the policy, and the ship instead of sailing from that place sails from any other place, the risk does not attach. 43．在保險單已明確規(guī)定了啟航地之情況下，船舶未從該地而是從任何其他地點啟航，保險單不承保該風險。 第44條 駛往不同的目的港（Sailing for different destination） 44. Where the place destination is specified in the policy, and the ship, instead of sailing for that destination, sails for any other destination, the risk does not attach. 44．若保險單已明確規(guī)定了目的港，但船舶不駛往該目的港，而駛往任何其他目的港時，保險單不承保該風險。 第45條 改變航程（Change of voyage） 45.(1) Where, after the mencement of the risk, the destination of the ship is voluntarily changed from the destination contemplated by the policy there is said to be a change of voyage. (2) Unless the policy otherwise provides, where there is a change of voyage, the insurer is discharged from liability as from the time of change , that is to say, as from the time when the determination to change it is manifested。 and it is immaterial that the ship may not in fact have left the course of voyage contemplated by the policy when the loss occurs. 45．（1）如果在風險開始后，船舶自愿地改變保險單預定的目的港，即構成航程變更。 （2）除非保險單另有規(guī)定，如存在航程變更，保險人自該變更之時起，亦即，自變更決定被證明之時起，即免除責任；至于船舶發(fā)生滅失當時可能事實上尚未偏離保險單預定的航線則無關緊要。 第46條 繞航（Deviation） 46. (1) Where a ship, without lawful excuse, deviates from the voyage c