【正文】 rt)通訊協(xié)議來實(shí)現(xiàn)。無線通行功能可以通過 Blue tooth 得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。由于 CAN 的最大傳輸速率為 1Mb/s，現(xiàn)在的發(fā)展已經(jīng)到了CAN的應(yīng)用極限，可以想象，在不久的未來，TTP(Time Trigger Protocol)和 FlexRay 技術(shù)將會(huì)使汽車發(fā)展為百分之百的電控系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品，完全不需要后備機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的支持。X by Wire 技術(shù) X by Wire 總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)最初是用在飛機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)中，稱為電傳控制，現(xiàn)在在飛機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)中已經(jīng)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。由于目前對(duì)汽車的容錯(cuò)能力和通信系統(tǒng)的高可靠性的需求日益增長(zhǎng)，X by Wire 總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)開始應(yīng)用于汽車電子控制領(lǐng)域。在未來的 510 年里，X by Wire 技術(shù)將使傳統(tǒng)的汽車機(jī)械系統(tǒng)變成通過高速容錯(cuò)通信總線與高性能CPU相連的電氣系統(tǒng)。到那時(shí)，在一輛裝備了綜合駕駛輔助系統(tǒng)的汽車上，諸如 steer by Wire, brake by Wire 和電子閥門控制等將為駕駛員帶來全新的駕駛體驗(yàn)，為了在這些系統(tǒng)之間提供安全通信保障，需要一個(gè)高速，容錯(cuò)和時(shí)間觸發(fā)的通信協(xié)議，目前，這類總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要有TTP, Byteflight 和 FlexRay。TTP（時(shí)間觸發(fā)協(xié)議）時(shí)間觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)和事件觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)的工作原理大不相同。對(duì)于時(shí)間觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)來說，控制信號(hào)起源于時(shí)間進(jìn)程，而事件觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)中，控制信號(hào)起源于事件的發(fā)生（如一次中斷過程）。許多汽車大的X by Wire控制系統(tǒng)中采用 TTP。TTP 是一個(gè)應(yīng)用于分布式實(shí)時(shí)控制系統(tǒng)的完整的通訊協(xié)議，它能夠支持多種的容錯(cuò)策略，提供了容錯(cuò)的時(shí)間同步以及廣泛的錯(cuò)誤檢測(cè)機(jī)制，同時(shí)還提供了節(jié)點(diǎn)的回復(fù)和在整合功能，其采用光纖傳輸?shù)墓こ袒瘶悠返膫鬏斔俣葘⑦_(dá)到 25Mb/s。隨著電子技術(shù)和大規(guī)模集成電路的迅速發(fā)展，網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)在汽車上的廣泛應(yīng)用，必然是汽車的動(dòng)力性、操作穩(wěn)定性以及安全性都提升到一個(gè)更新的高度！參考文獻(xiàn)[1]（法）胡思德. 汽車車載網(wǎng)絡(luò)（VAN/CAN/LIN）技術(shù)詳解. 北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, [2] 朱建鳳 李國(guó)忠. 常見車系CANBUS原理與檢修. 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,[3] BMW Aftersales Training Participant39。s Manual Bus systems 2008 BMW Group[4] BMW 參加者手冊(cè). F02 車載網(wǎng)絡(luò). BMW 集團(tuán),2008[5] BMW Participant39。s Manual Coding, Individualization, Programming CIP BMW Group,2008[6] 孫仁云 付白雪. 汽車電器與電子技術(shù). 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 2007[7] .人民交通出版社 2002[8] 李俊玲 羅永閣主編. 汽車工程專業(yè)英語機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 2007[9] 陽(yáng)憲慧 :清華大學(xué)出版社，[10] 黃曲菜,2004[11]LIN Specification Version [12] 陸孟雄，. 汽車科技,2002[13]ISO 11898:Road vehiclesInterchange of digital informationController area network(CAN) for highspeed munication.[14] : 科學(xué)出版社,1998[15] 黃偉生,. 汽車技術(shù),2004[16] 羅峰,蘇劍,. 汽車工程,2003[17] . 汽車工程,2006[18] MOST Cooperation. MOST Specification Version [19] [20] Specification Version [21] Thomas Fuhrer ,and Others .Time Triggered CAN(TTCAN).SAE Paper,2005參考文獻(xiàn)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯Overview and innovations in the bus systems of the F01/F02This Product Information deals with the bus systems of the F01/F02. In addition to thefollowing overview of bus systems, you will find a further overview of the bus systems on the foldout page of this Product Information. The foldout page provides you with an immediate reference to the bus overview while working with the Product Information and the Workbook.Bus systemsThe following innovations have been implemented in the bus systems in the newBMW F01/F02: Power train CAN PTCAN 2 (500 kBit/s) KCAN 2FlexRay as a prehensive main bus system in the area of driving dynamics Systems Ethernet (fast programming access)LIN bus system with extended functions.Structure in vehicleWith deployment of the central gateway module, the F01/F02 has a newly linked busstructure. The engine management and chassis control systems are linked across thePTCAN (or PTCAN 2) and the FlexRay bus system to the central gateway module (ZGM).The control units of the general vehicle electrics are connected across the KCAN and KCAN .The MOST is the information carrier for the majority of control units in the area ofinformation and munication technologies. The vehicle diagnosis municates across the DCAN. The vehicle is programmed /encoded via the Ethernet access point. The subbus system LIN has other Ethernet FlexRay LIN. An exactdescription of these bus systems can be found in this Product Information.System ponents. Overall network of the F01/F02The overall network in the F01/F02 consists of various bus systems that enablemunication between the individual control units. In view of the increasing interconnection of the control units, it is possible to use the sensors of one system throughout the network. The sensors are connected to the control unit that initially requires the information logicbased and virtually in real time. This information, however, can also be made available to other control units. Using the example of the vertical dynamics management (VDM), initially, the VDM control unit picks up the rideheight levels of the wheels using heightlevel sensors. The automatic headlight vertical aim control can also use this information for the purpose of adapting the beam throw of the headlights. The VDM makes available the information via the corresponding bus systems (VDM FlexRay ZGM KCAN 2 FRM) to the footwell module. Apart from the Ethernet, all bus systems in the F01/F02 are already known from other BMW models. This section provides an overview of all bus systems of the F01/F02. This Product Information contains a detailed description of the Ethernet system, of the FlexRay bus and of the LIN bus subbus system.Overview of bus systemsIn principle, a distinction is made between two groups of bus systems: Main bus systems: Ethernet, FlexRay, KCAN, KCAN 2, MOST, PTCAN and PTCAN 2 Subbus systems: BSD, DCAN (diagnosison CAN), LIN, LocalCAN. Mainbus systems are responsible for the data exchange between the ECUs throughout the vehicle system. This includes system functions such as diagnosis, programming and encoding.Subbus systems exchange data within one function group. For example, the data of the rainlightsolar condensation sensor are read in by the junction box electronics, processed and forwarded to the wiper module. The connection between the control units of the rainlightsolarcondensation sensor and junction box electronics is a subbus and designed as a LIN bus.Main bus systemsMainbus system Data rate Bus topology DCAN (diagnosison CAN) 500 kBit/s Linear, twowireEthernet 100 MBit/s LinearFlexRay 10 Mbits/s Mixed topology, twowire KCAN (body CAN) 100 kBit/s Linear, twowire, singlewire mode possible for emergency operationKCAN 2 (fast body CAN) 500 kBit/s Linear, twowireMOST (MediaOriented System Transport bus) MBit/s Ring, optical fibrePTCAN (chassis CAN) 500 kBit/s Linear, twowirePTCAN 2 (powertrain CAN) 500 kBit/s Linear, twowireThe main bus systems are responsible for crosssystem data exchange.Changes