【正文】 n principles, and makes the pressure machine, stamping materials, processing methods, plum with a structure, mold materials, mold manufacturing method, the field of automation devices, a new look to the practical direction of advance, so that pressing processing apparatus capable of producing quality products from the first stage.進入 70 年代向高速化、啟動化、精密化、安全化發(fā)展的第二階段。 Into the 7039。s to high speed, launch technology, precision, security, development of the second stage. 在這個過程中不斷涌現(xiàn)各種高效率、商壽命、高精度助多功能自動校具。 Continue to emerge in this process a variety of high efficiency, business life, highprecision multifunctional automatic school to help with. 其代表是多達別多個工位的級進模和十幾個工位的多工位傳遞模。 Represented by the number of working places as much as other progressive die and dozens of multistation transfer station module. 在此基礎上又發(fā)展出既有連續(xù)沖壓工位又有多滑塊成形工位的壓力機—彎曲機。 On this basis, has developed both a continuous pressing station there are more slide forming station of the press bending machine. 在此期間，日本站到了世界最前列——其模具加工精度進入了微米級，模具壽命，合金工具鋼制造的模具達到了幾千萬次，硬質合金鋼制造的模具達到了幾億次 p 每分鐘沖壓次數(shù)，小型壓力機通常為 200 至 300 次，最高為 1200 次至 1500 次。 In the meantime, the Japanese stand to the world39。s largest the mold into the micronlevel precision, die life, alloy tool steel mold has reached tens of millions of times, carbide steel mold to each of hundreds of millions of times p minutes for stamping the number of small presses usually 200 to 300, up to 1200 times to 1500 times. 在此期間，為了適應產品更新快、用期短 ( 如汽車改型、玩具翻新等 ) 的需要，各種經(jīng)濟型模具，如鋅落合金模具、聚氨酯橡膠模具、鋼皮沖模等也得到了很大發(fā)展。 In the meantime, in order to meet product updates quickly, with the short duration (such as cars modified, refurbished toys, etc.) need a variety of economictype mold, such as zinc alloy die down, polyurethane rubber mold, die steel skin, also has been very great development.從 70 年代中期至今可以說是計算機輔助設計、輔助制造技術不斷發(fā)展的時代。 From the mid70s so far can be said that puteraided design, supporting the continuous development of manufacturing technology of the times. 隨著模具加工精度與復雜性不斷提高，生產周期不斷加快，模具業(yè)對設備和人員素質的要求也不斷提高。 With the precision and plexity of mold rising, accelerating the production cycle, the mold industry, the quality of equipment and personnel are required to improve. 依靠普通加工設備，憑經(jīng)驗和手藝越來越不能滿足模具生產的需要。 Rely on mon processing equipment, their experience and skills can not meet the needs of mold. 90 年代以來，機械技術和電子技術緊密結合，發(fā)展了 NC 機床，如數(shù)控線切割機床、數(shù)控電火花機床、數(shù)控銑床、數(shù)控坐標磨床等。 Since the 9039。s, mechanical and electronic technologies in close connection with the development of NC machine tools, such as CNC wire cutting machine, CNC EDM, CNC milling, CNC coordinate grinding machine and so on. 而采用電子計算機自動編程、控制的 cNc 機床提高了數(shù)控機床的使用效率和范圍。 The use of puter automatic programming, control CNC machine tools to improve the efficiency in the use and scope. 近年來又發(fā)展出由一臺計算機以分時的方式直接管理和控制一群數(shù)控機床的 nNc 系統(tǒng)。 In recent years, has developed a puter to timesharing by the way a group of direct management and control of CNC machine tools NNC system.隨著計算機技術的發(fā)展，計算機也逐步進入模具生產的各個領域，包括設計、制造、管理等。 With the development of puter technology, puters have gradually into the mold in all areas, including design, manufacturing and management. 國際生產研究協(xié)會預測，到 2000 年，作為設計和制造之間聯(lián)系手段的圖紙將失去其主要作用。 International Association for the Study of production forecasts to 2000, as a means of links between design and manufacturing drawings will lose its primary role. 模具自動設計的最根本點是必須確立模具零件標準及設計標準。 Automatic Design of die most fundamental point is to establish the mold standard and design standards. 要擺脫過去以人的思考判斷和實際經(jīng)驗為中心所組成的設計方法，就必須把過去的經(jīng)驗和思考方法，進行系列化、數(shù)值化、數(shù)式化，作為設計準則儲存到計算機中。 To get rid of the people of the past, and practical experience to judge the position of the design center, we must take past experiences and ways of thinking, for series, numerical value, the number of typebased, as the design criteria to the puter store. 因為模具構成元件也干差萬別，要搞出一個能適應各種零件的設計軟件幾乎不可能。 Components are dry because of mold constitutes a million other differences, to e up with a can adapt to various parts of the design software almost impossible. 但是有些產品的零件形狀變化不大，模具結構有一定的規(guī)律，放可總結歸納，為自動設計提供軟件。 But some products do not change the shape of parts, mold structure has certain rules, can be summed up for the automatic design of software. 如日本某公司的 CDM 系統(tǒng)用于級進模設計與制造，其中包括零件圖形輸入、毛坯展開、條料排樣、確定模板尺寸和標準、繪制裝配圖和零件圖、輸出 NC 程序 ( 為數(shù)控加工中心和線切割編程 ) 等，所用時間由手工的 20% 、工時減少到 35 小時；從 80 年代初日本就將三維的 cad ／ cam 系統(tǒng)用于汽車覆蓋件模具。 If a Japanese pany39。s CDM system for progressive die design and manufacturing, including the importation of parts of the figure, rough start, strip layout, determine the size and standard templates, assembly drawing and parts, the output NC program (for CNC machining Center and line cutting program), etc., used in 20% of the time by hand, reduce their working hours to 35 hours。 from Japan in the early 80s will be threedimensional cad / cam system for automotive panel die. 目前，在實體件的掃描輸入，圖線和數(shù)據(jù)輸入，幾何造形、顯示、繪圖、標注以及對數(shù)據(jù)的自動編程，產生效控機床控制系統(tǒng)的后置處理文件等方面已達到較高水平；計算機仿真 (CAE) 技術也取得了一定成果。 Currently, the physical parts scanning input, map lines and data input, geometric form, display, graphics, annotations and the data is automatically programmed, resulting in effective control machine tool control system of postprocessing documents have reached a high level。 puter Simulation (CAE) technology has made some achievements. 在高層次上， CAD ／ CAM ／ CAE 集成的，即數(shù)據(jù)是統(tǒng)一的，可以互相直接傳輸信息． At high levels, CAD / CAM / CAE integration, that data is integrated, can transmit information directly with each other. 實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡化。 Achieve network. 目前． Present. 國外僅有少數(shù)廠家能夠做到。 Only a few foreign manufacturers can do it.附錄B中文參考翻譯1模具在工業(yè)生產中的地位模具是大批量生產同形產品的工具，是工業(yè)生產的主要工藝裝備。采用模具生產零部件，具有生產效率高、質量好、成本低、節(jié)約能源和原材料等一系列優(yōu)點，用模具生產制件所具備的高精度、高復雜程度、高一致性、高生產率和低消耗，是其他加工制造方法所不能比擬的。已成為當代工業(yè)生產的重要手段和工藝發(fā)展方向。現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟的基礎工業(yè)?，F(xiàn)代工業(yè)品的發(fā)展和技術水平的提高，很大程度上取決于模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展水平，因此模具工業(yè)對國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展將起越來越大的作用。1989年3月國務院頒布的《關于當前產業(yè)政策要點的決定》中，把模具列為機械工業(yè)技術改造序列的第一位、生產和基本建設序列的第二位(僅次于大型發(fā)電設備及相應的輸變電設備)，確立模具工業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟中的重要地位。1997年以來，又相繼把模具及其加工技術和設備列入了《當前國家重點鼓勵發(fā)展的產業(yè)、產品和技術目錄》和《鼓勵外商投資產業(yè)目錄》。經(jīng)國務院批準，從1997年到2000年，對80多家國有專業(yè)模具廠實行增值稅返還70%的優(yōu)惠政