【正文】 系統(tǒng)為用戶(hù)提供了矩形（圓角矩形）、直線、橢圓（圓）、扇形（圓?。?、點(diǎn)位圖、多邊形（多邊線）、文本等基本圖形對(duì)象，及按鈕、趨勢(shì)曲線窗口、報(bào)警窗口、報(bào)表等復(fù)雜的圖形對(duì)象。提供了對(duì)圖形對(duì)象在窗口內(nèi)任意移動(dòng)、縮放、改變形狀、復(fù)制、刪除、對(duì)齊等編輯操作，全面支持鍵盤(pán)、鼠標(biāo)繪圖，并可提供對(duì)圖形對(duì)象的顏色、線型、填充屬性進(jìn)行改變的操作工具?！敖M態(tài)王”采用面向?qū)ο蟮木幊碳夹g(shù)，使用戶(hù)可以方便地建立畫(huà)面的圖形界面。用戶(hù)構(gòu)圖時(shí)可以像搭積木那樣利用系統(tǒng)提供的圖形對(duì)象完成畫(huà)面的生成。同時(shí)支持畫(huà)面之間的圖形對(duì)象拷貝，可重復(fù)使用以前的開(kāi)發(fā)結(jié)果。圖：實(shí)際控制系統(tǒng)組成的動(dòng)態(tài)運(yùn)行圖1）歷史報(bào)警窗口在工具箱中選用報(bào)警窗口工具，在面板中繪制報(bào)警窗口，添加文本等就可。由于前面已經(jīng)設(shè)置了報(bào)警變量，所以當(dāng)變量值超過(guò)所設(shè)置的溫度時(shí)，那就會(huì)在報(bào)警畫(huà)面中被記錄。 歷史報(bào)警設(shè)置 運(yùn)行調(diào)試中的問(wèn)題及解決方法運(yùn)行調(diào)試過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)串級(jí)控制系統(tǒng)的調(diào)節(jié)器參數(shù)整定要比單回路復(fù)雜些，這也因?yàn)閮蓚€(gè)調(diào)節(jié)器之間相互影響，且兩個(gè)調(diào)節(jié)器的任何一個(gè)參數(shù)變化對(duì)系統(tǒng)都有影響，但用兩步法進(jìn)行整定還是能有效克服這些問(wèn)題。 致 謝本論文論述了工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中最常見(jiàn)的液位—流量串級(jí)控制系統(tǒng)，具有較大的實(shí)際意義。在設(shè)計(jì)中綜合應(yīng)用了過(guò)程控制技術(shù)、自動(dòng)控制原理、組態(tài)軟件控制技術(shù)等相關(guān)知識(shí)，其中組態(tài)軟件控制技術(shù)是自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的重要發(fā)展方向。當(dāng)然，本論文只是對(duì)串級(jí)控制系統(tǒng)比較淺顯的論述。由于設(shè)計(jì)的系統(tǒng)為高階系統(tǒng)，為了避免十分繁瑣的理論分析計(jì)算，采用了仿真軟件來(lái)計(jì)算其性能指標(biāo)，但這樣顯然對(duì)自動(dòng)控制原理的應(yīng)用就想應(yīng)減少了。在實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中也發(fā)現(xiàn)，串級(jí)控制系統(tǒng)的調(diào)節(jié)器參數(shù)整定要比單回路控制系統(tǒng)更加復(fù)雜，因?yàn)閮蓚€(gè)調(diào)節(jié)器串在一起，在一個(gè)系統(tǒng)中工作，互相之間或多或少有些影響，其中任何一個(gè)調(diào)節(jié)器的任一參數(shù)值發(fā)生變化時(shí)，對(duì)整個(gè)串級(jí)控制系統(tǒng)都具有影響. 另外，由于采用了組態(tài)軟件進(jìn)行控制，在計(jì)算機(jī)編程上也相應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)化，未使用其他高級(jí)語(yǔ)言的編程方式?？傊?，本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)只是對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單應(yīng)用，還有一些較為復(fù)雜和細(xì)化的問(wèn)題有待于解決，因此，這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是一個(gè)鍛煉的開(kāi)始?？傊ㄟ^(guò)本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，使我將大學(xué)四年所學(xué)的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)，運(yùn)用了到了實(shí)際當(dāng)中，從而使我對(duì)大學(xué)四年所學(xué)到知識(shí)又有了進(jìn)一步的加深和拓展，而且學(xué)到了很多新的知識(shí)，尤其對(duì)西門(mén)子S7200PLC及其工程應(yīng)用有了更深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)，更使自己看到了學(xué)習(xí)中的不足與漏洞，以及對(duì)待問(wèn)題的態(tài)度，我相信這定會(huì)給我以后的工作學(xué)習(xí)打下一個(gè)堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。在此誠(chéng)摯的感謝劉老師的精心指導(dǎo)及同學(xué)的相互幫助，最后終于完成了本次設(shè)計(jì)。 參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 徐兵等，過(guò)程控制，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2004[2] 金以慧等，過(guò)程控制，清華大學(xué)出版社，1993[3] 薛弘曄等編，計(jì)算機(jī)控制技術(shù)，西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社，2003[4] 王化祥，張淑英，傳感器原理及應(yīng)用，天津大學(xué)出版社，1999[5] 陳隆昌等，控制電機(jī)，西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社，2000[6] 何離慶等，過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)與裝置，重慶大學(xué)出版社，2003[7] 施仁等，自動(dòng)化儀表與過(guò)程控制，電子工業(yè)出版社，2003[8] 周雪琴，張洪才，控制工程導(dǎo)論，西北工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社，2003[9] 胡壽松等，自動(dòng)控制原理，科學(xué)出版社，2001[10] 薛定宇，陳陽(yáng)泉，基于MATLAB/Simulink的系統(tǒng)仿真技術(shù)與應(yīng)用，清華大學(xué)出版社，2002附 錄程序梯形圖主程序首先進(jìn)行一系列的狀態(tài)檢測(cè)，在檢測(cè)均正常的情況下給變頻器上電，啟動(dòng)變頻器，變頻器正常啟動(dòng)后就開(kāi)始調(diào)用子程序，首先是PID初始化，然后運(yùn)算，之后調(diào)用輸入轉(zhuǎn)換，在輸出轉(zhuǎn)換，最后停止變頻器，結(jié)束系統(tǒng)工作。PID初始化PID初始化首先給PID0的P賦值，然后預(yù)置采樣時(shí)間，再分別給I和D賦值，再給PID1的P賦值，預(yù)置采樣時(shí)間后在預(yù)置其I和D的值，之后開(kāi)始調(diào)用運(yùn)算。英文原文Bit Logic Instructions ContactsStandard ContactsNormally Closed contact instructions (LDN, AN, ON) obtain，the referenced value from the memory or from the，processimage register. The standard contact instruction so btain the referenced value from the memory (or processimage register if the data type is I or Q)..The Normally Open contact is closed (on) when the bit is equal to 1, and the Normally Closed contact is closed (on),when the bit is equal to 0. In FBD, inputs to both the And Or boxes can be expanded to a maximum of 32 STL, the Normally Open instructions Load, AND, or OR the bit value of the address bit to the top of the stack, and the Normally Closed instructions Load, AND, or OR the logical NOT of the bit value to the top of the stack.Immediate ContactsAn immediate contact does not rely on the S7200 scan cycle to update。 it updates immediately. The Normally Open Immediate contact instructions (LDI, AI, and OI) andNormally Closed Immediate contact instructions (LDNI, ANI, and ONI) obtain the physical input value when the instruction is executed, but the processimage register is not updated.The Normally Open Immediate contact is closed (on) when the physical input point (bit) is 1, and the Normally Closed Immediate contact is closed (on) when the physical input point (bit) is 0. The Normally Open instructions immediatelyLoad, AND, or OR the physical input value to the top of thestack, and the Normally Closed instructions immediatelyLoad, AND, or OR the logical NOT of the value of the physical input point to the top of the stack.NOT InstructionThe Not instruction (NOT) changes the state of power flow input (that is, it changes the value on the top of the stack from0 to 1 or from1 to 0).Positive and Negative Transition InstructionsThe Positive Transition contact instruction (EU) allows power to flow for one scan for transition. The Negative Transition contact instruction (ED) allows power to flow for for each ontooff transition. For the Positive Transition instruction,detection of a in the value on the top of the stack sets the top of the stack value to 1。 otherwise, it is 0. For a Negative Transition instruction, detection of a 1to0 transition in the value on the top stack sets the top of the stack value to 1。 otherwise, it is set to 0..For run mode editing (when you edit your program in RUN mode), you must enter a parameter Positive Transition and Negative Transition instructions. Refer to Chapter 5 for about editing in RUN mode.CoilsOutputThe Output instruction (=) writes the new value for the output bit to the processimage register. When the Output instruction is executed, the S7200 turns the output bit in the processimage register on or off. For LAD and FBD, the specified bit is set equal to power flow. For STL, the value on the top of the stack is copied to the specified bit. Output ImmediateThe Output Immediate instruction (=I) writes the new value to both the physical output and the corresponding processimage register location when the instruction is executed.When the Output Immediate instruction is executed, the physical output point (Bit) is immediately set equal to powerflow. For ST uction immediately copies the value on the top of the stack to the specified physical output bit (STL). The “I” indicates an immediate reference。 the new value is written to both the physical output and the corresponding processimage register location when the instruction is executed. This differs from the nonimmediate references, which write the new value to the processimage register only.Set and ResetThe Set (S) and Reset (R) instructions set (turn on) or reset (turn off) the specified number of points (N), starting at the specified address (Bit). You can set or reset from 1 to 255 points.If the Reset instruction specifies either a timer bit (T) or counter bit (C), the instruction resets the timer or counter bit and clears the current value of the timer or counter. Error conditions that set ENO = 0H 0006 (indirect address)H 0091 (operand out of range)Set Immediate and Reset ImmediateThe Set Immediate and Reset Immediate instructions immedia