【正文】 ructures, where elements may consist of tension member, columns, beams, and members under bined bending and axial load。 (b) shelltype structures, where axial stresses predominate。 and (c) suspensiontype structures, where axial tension predominates the principal support system.Framed Structures Most typical building construction is in this category. The multistory building usually consists of beams and columns, either rigidly connected or having simple end connections along with diagonal bracing to provide stability. Even though a multistory building is threedimensional, it usually is designed to be much stiffer in one direction than the other。 thus it may reasonably be treated as a series of plane frames. However, if the framing is such that behavior of the members in one plane substantially influences the behavior in another plane, the frame must be treated as a threedimensional space frame.ShellType Structures In this type of structure the shell serves a use function in addition to participation in carrying loads. On many shelltype structure, a framed structure may be used in conjunction with the shell. On walls and flat roofs the “skin” elements may be in pression while they act together with a framework.SuspensionType Structure In the suspensiontype structure tension cables are major supporting elements. A roof may be cablesupported. Probably the most mon structure of this type is the suspension bridge. Usually a suspension bridge. Since the tension element is the most efficient way of carrying load, structures utilizing this concept are increasingly being used.Many unusual structure utilizing various binations of framed, shelltype, and suspensiontype structure have been built.Structural steel design of buildings in the USA is principally is principally based on the specifications of the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), The AISC Specifications are the result of the bined judgment of researchers and practicing engineers. The research efforts have been synthesized into practical design procedures to provide a safe, economical structure. The advent of the digital puter in design practice has made feasible more elaborate design rules.A lot of unusual structure, is made up of frame, shell and different bination forms of hanging structure. In the United States, the design of steel structure is mainly on the basis of regulations promulgated by the American association of steel structure. These specifications are a lot of scholars and a line engineer experience. The results of this study was prehensive processing into a set of safe and economic design idea of design program. The design process of the digital puter prompted a more sophisticated feasible design rules. Specification includes a series of security rules, in spite of this, the designer must understand the applicability of the rules, otherwise, is likely to lead to absurd, very uneconomical, sometimes even unsafe design result. Building rules sometimes equated with specification. These regulations cover all aspects relating to the safety, such as structure design, architectural details, fire protection, heating and airconditioning, piping system, health systems, and lighting systems. Structure and structural ponents must have sufficient strength, stiffness, toughness, in order to give full play to its functions in the use of the structure. Reserves of design must provide sufficient strength to bear the load during use, that is to say, the buildings do not need to bear the possible overload. Change a structure of the original purpose, or because of excessive simplified method was adopted in the structural analysis and underestimated the load, as well as the construction process of change will cause the overload of the structure. Even within the scope of the permit, building size of the deviation can also lead to a ponent is lower than the strength he calculates. No matter what design principle, structure design must provide adequate security. The lack of necessary to prevent overload and intensity. Over the past 30 years, the research of how to ensure the safety design has continued. Use a variety of different probability method to study the ponents, fittings or system failure probability. In addition, due to structural steel ponents are very high cost, pared with the cost of installation of artificial, material procurement cost is huge. With other involved in the general contract of building project and civil engineering, concrete engineering, pared with the manual installation cost, material cost of steel ponents are considerable. With the development of steel structure, steel structure residential construction technology will also continue to mature, a lot of new materials will also be suitable for steel structure housing constantly emerging, at the same time, construction specifications, construction steel structure industry standards will be gradually perfected. Believe in the near future, the steel structure housing will inevitably brings to the housing industry and construction industry a profound revolution, the application prospect of steel structure.謝辭 衷心感謝在這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中給予我?guī)椭睦蠋熀屯瑢W(xué)們！ 首先感謝學(xué)校及學(xué)院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對(duì)我們此次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)注和安排，在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程中，學(xué)校給予了我們?cè)跁r(shí)間安排上和教室安排上的許多方便，使我們能在要求的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成此次設(shè)計(jì)。 然后要感謝的是邢棟老師，感謝邢老師對(duì)我進(jìn)行的悉心教導(dǎo)和耐心付出，這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)傾注了他的心血。在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，邢老師反復(fù)給我們講解設(shè)計(jì)思路、設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn)和注意問(wèn)題，對(duì)我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中遇到的問(wèn)題總是會(huì)耐心解答，不厭其煩的指出我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)中的錯(cuò)誤和不足。這些都體現(xiàn)了一位敬業(yè)、優(yōu)秀老師的職業(yè)操守。如果沒(méi)有邢老師的幫助和指導(dǎo)想要順利完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是不可能的。 在三個(gè)多月的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中，和我在同一小組的同學(xué)也對(duì)我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)做出了很大幫助。我們互相幫助，共同努力，學(xué)習(xí)了知識(shí)，增進(jìn)了友誼。再次，我也要對(duì)他們致以感謝！ 最后再次感謝邢老師，謝謝！47