【正文】 鑄鐵相比，它更有彈性。鋼在拉力（拉伸）和壓力作用下同樣具有高強度這是鋼優(yōu)于以前其他結構金屬以及砌磚工程、磚石結構、混凝土或木材等建筑材料的優(yōu)點，這些材料雖然抗壓，但卻不抗拉。一座建筑物的鋼構架設計是從屋頂向下進行的。因此，格構框架幾乎都是有一系列三角形組成。其中軸向拉應力是最主要的受力體系。然而，如果一個框架中某一平面上的構建的特性可以影響其他平面的特性，這個框架就必須當做一個三維框架來考慮。懸掛結構 在懸掛結構中，張拉索是主要的受力構件。由于這種張拉構建能夠最有效的承擔荷載，結構中的這種設計理念被越來越廣泛的應用。這些研究成果被綜合處理成一套既安全又經(jīng)濟的設計理念的設計程序。這些規(guī)則涉及所有有關安全性的方面，例如結構設計、建筑細節(jié)、防火、暖氣和空調、管路系統(tǒng)、衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)以及照明系統(tǒng)。即使在允許范圍內，構建尺寸的偏差也可導致某個構件低于他所計算的強度。使用各種不同的概率方法來研究構件、連接件或者系統(tǒng)的失效可能性。相信不久的將來，鋼結構住宅必然會給住宅產業(yè)和建筑行業(yè)帶來一聲深層次的革命，鋼結構的應用前景廣闊！英文翻譯：Steel StructureSteel in one form or another is now probably the most widely used material in the world for building construction. For the framings it has almost entirely replaced timber, except for rather special work, and it has superseded its immediate predecessors, cast iron and wrought iron, for bridges and structural frameworks in general.Steel , the most important construction material of modern times, was introduced in the nineteenth century. Steel, basically an alloy of iron and a small amount of carbon, had been mad up to that time by a laborious process that restricted it to such special uses as sword blades. After the invention of the Bessemer process in 1856, steel was available in large quantities at low prices. The enormous advantage of steel is its tensile strength。 (b) shelltype structures, where axial stresses predominate。在設計過程中，邢老師反復給我們講解設計思路、設計要點和注意問題，對我們設計過程中遇到的問題總是會耐心解答，不厭其煩的指出我們設計中的錯誤和不足。我們互相幫助，共同努力，學習了知識，增進了友誼。如果沒有邢老師的幫助和指導想要順利完成畢業(yè)設計是不可能的。 thus it may reasonably be treated as a series of plane frames. However, if the framing is such that behavior of the members in one plane substantially influences the behavior in another plane, the frame must be treated as a threedimensional space frame.ShellType Structures In this type of structure the shell serves a use function in addition to participation in carrying loads. On many shelltype structure, a framed structure may be used in conjunction with the shell. On walls and flat roofs the “skin” elements may be in pression while they act together with a framework.SuspensionType Structure In the suspensiontype structure tension cables are major supporting elements. A roof may be cablesupported. Probably the most mon structure of this type is the suspension bridge. Usually a suspension bridge. Since the tension element is the most efficient way of carrying load, structures utilizing this concept are increasingly being used.Many unusual structure utilizing various binations of framed, shelltype, and suspensiontype structure have been built.Structural steel design of buildings in the USA is principally is principally based on the specifications of the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), The AISC Specifications are the result of the bined judgment of researchers and practicing engineers. The research efforts have been synthesized into practical design procedures to provide a safe, economical structure. The advent of the digital puter in design practice has made feasible more elaborate design rules.A lot of unusual structure, is made up of frame, shell and different bination forms of hanging structure. In the United States, the design of steel structure is mainly on the basis of regulations promulgated by the American association of steel structure. These specifications are a lot of scholars and a line engineer experience. The results of this study was prehensive processing into a set of safe and economic design idea of design program. The design process of the digital puter prompted a more sophisticated feasible design rules. Specification includes a series of security rules, in spite of this, the designer must understand the applicability of the rules, otherwise, is likely to lead to absurd, very uneconomical, sometimes even unsafe design result. Building rules sometimes equated with specification. These regulations cover all aspects relating to the safety, such as structure design, architectural details, fire protection, heating and airconditioning, piping system, health systems, and lighting systems. Structure and structural ponents must have sufficient strength, stiffness, toughness, in order to give full play to its functions in the use of the structure. Reserves of design must provide sufficient strength to bear the load during use, that is to say, the buildings do not need to bear the possible overload. Change a structure of the original purpose, or because of excessive simplified method was adopted in the structural analysis and underestimated the load, as well as the construction process of change will cause the overload of the structure. Even within the scope of the permit, building size of the deviation can also lead to a ponent is lower than the strength he calculates. No matter what design principle, structure design must provide adequate security. The lack of necessary to prevent overload and intensity. Over the past 30 years, the research of how to ensure the safety design has continued. Use a variety of different probability method to study the ponents, fittings or system failure probability. In addition, due to structural steel ponents are very high cost, pared with the cost of installation of artificial, material procurement cost is huge. With other involved in the general contract of building project and civil engineering, concrete engineering, pared with the manual installation cost, material cost of steel ponents are considerable. With the development of steel structure, steel structure residential construction technology will also continue to mature, a lot of new materials will also be suitable for steel structure housing constantly emerging,