【正文】 類型。每項單位工程概預(yù)算，系由直接費、間接費、計劃利潤和稅金等部分組成。下面具體介紹一下各個費用包括的費用：直接費是指直接用于建筑安裝工程上的有關(guān)費用。直接費由人工費、材料費、設(shè)備費、施工機械費用和其他直接費用等項目組成。間接費由施工管理費和其他間接費組成。 編制概預(yù)算依據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)資料編制依據(jù)；全國統(tǒng)一安裝工程概預(yù)算定額1997版及設(shè)計任務(wù)書；內(nèi)蒙古地區(qū)建筑安裝工程費用；本地區(qū)市政工程相關(guān)文件及水文、地質(zhì)、氣象等條件；設(shè)備價格費，按生產(chǎn)廠報價及工程建設(shè)全國機電設(shè)備1998年價格匯編計費；雜費按設(shè)備原價的7%計。 估算范圍污水處理廠污水處理工程，污泥處理工程，其他附屬建筑工程，及其他公用工等。另外包括部分廠外工程（供電線路，通訊線路，臨時道路等）。下面是本設(shè)計的概預(yù)算表：：序號工程費用名稱概算價值/萬元建筑工程設(shè)備安裝工程個數(shù)合計1格柵22提升泵房13初沉池24調(diào)節(jié)池15UASB反應(yīng)器46SBR反應(yīng)器67濃縮池28鼓風(fēng)機房19污泥泵房110脫水機房111配電室112停車場1 13場地綠化114合計估算設(shè)計材料費為20萬元。間接費用：取直接費用的,。管理費用：取直接費用的,。設(shè)計費用：%。預(yù)備費用：。其它費用：取直接費用的。總造價：。處理水成本計算：動力費（通常即為電費）： （51）式中： 設(shè)計供水量，； 工作全揚程，； 電費單價，元/度； 水泵和電機效率，一般??； 日變化系數(shù)，取1； 變壓器容量，千伏安； 元/千伏安月。元/年工資福利費： （52）式中： 職工每人每年的平均工資福利費，取30000元； 勞動定員，取5人。元/年折舊提成費：（元/年） （53）式中： 工程總費用，取6000000元； 綜合折舊提成率，%。元/年檢修維護(hù)費：元/年 （54）其它費用： （55）因此，年經(jīng)營費用為： （56）年處理水量為： （57）單位制水成本為：（元/） （58）主要參考文獻(xiàn)1. 張智. 給排水工程專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計指南[M]，北京：中國水利水電出版社，2000. 2. 張自杰. 廢水處理理論與設(shè)計[M]，北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社，20033. 張自杰. 排水工程（第四版）下冊[M]，北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社，20004. 韓劍宏. 水工藝處理技術(shù)與設(shè)計（第二版）[M]，北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，20125. 韓洪軍、杜茂安. 水處理工程設(shè)計計算[M]，北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社，20066. 北京市政設(shè)計院. 給水排水設(shè)計手冊(第二版)第1冊[M]，北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社，19867. 北京市政設(shè)計院. .給水排水設(shè)計手冊(第二版)第5冊[M]，北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社，19868. 北京市政設(shè)計院. .給水排水設(shè)計手冊(第二版)第8冊[M]，北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社，19869. 北京市政設(shè)計院. 給水排水設(shè)計手冊(第二版)第11冊[M]，北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社，198610. Onofrio, M.。 Cugliandolo, A. Application of the UASB reactor for anaerobic treatment of wastewater from the wine industry.[D] Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly, 199911. Chamy, R. Selected experiences in Chile for the application of UASB technology for vinasse treatment.[D] School of Biochemical Engineering, 200712. 劉海亞、朱定松. 黃酒工業(yè)廢水處理技術(shù)[D]，浙江省溫州市農(nóng)村能源辦公室，2005附錄 英文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯The current situation and development of UASB anaerobic processAbstract: This paper introduces the origin of UASB reactor, the working principles, characteristics, the development and application of the latest research progress, pointing out that the recent UASB reactor research focus. Key words: UASB。 anaerobic treatment process。 1. Introduction :Anaerobic biological treatment as the use of anaerobic metabolism of microorganisms, without the provision of energy sources under the conditions of organic matter as to be restored by hydrogen donor, while generating energy value of the methane gas. Anaerobic biological treatment applies not only to high concentrations of organic wastewater, influent BOD up to the highest concentration of tens of thousands of mg / l, can also be applied in low concentrations of organic wastewater, such as sewage, and other cities. Anaerobic biological treatment process and low consumption, organic volume load, generally 510 kgCOD/, up to a maximum of 3050 kgCOD/。 less residual sludge。 on the nutritional needs of low anaerobes, MDRtoxic, biodegradable organic molecular weight high impact resistant capacity of strong output of methane is a kind of clean energy. In the whole of society to promote a recycling economy and the implementation of the concerns of the industrial waste recycling today, anaerobic biological treatment of sewage is clearly enables the optimization of resources. In recent years, the anaerobic wastewater treatment process developed very rapidly, with new technology, new methods emerging, including anaerobic contact method, the upflow anaerobic sludge bed anaerobic stall plate, anaerobic biological filter , anaerobic expanded bed and fluidized bed, and the third generation of anaerobic process EGSB and IC anaerobic reactor, developed very rapidly. And the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed, Note: hereinafter referred to UASB) owing to the anaerobic process of anaerobic filters and activated sludge characteristics of the dual, as can be transformed into the pollutants in the sewage 10% of renewable clean energy a biogas technology. The different solid content of the sewage adaptability also strong, and its structure, operation and maintenance management operation is relatively simple and relatively low cost, technology is now mature, and increasingly sewage treatment industry attention, was widely weled and Application . This paper attempts to UASB technology and the operation of the UASB design features, as well as areas for a start briefly described. 2. The origin of UASB In 1971 Holland (Wageningen) Agricultural University Ladingge (Lettinga) Professor physical structural design, the use of the gravitational field of the role of different density material difference, invented the threephase separator. The activated sludge wastewater retention time and stay separated, and formed a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor on the prototype. Netherlands CSM 1974 in its 6 m3 reactor sugar beet processing wastewater, it was found that the activated sludge formation mechanism of its own fixed biological polymer structure, granular sludge (granular sludge). The emergence of granular sludge, not only for the promotion of a representative of the UASB anaerobic reactor, the second generation of applications and development, but also for the thirdgeneration anaerobic reactor laid the foundation for the birth. Currently, the UASB process in Europe has been generally formed granular sludge, which makes anaerobic UASB technology in Europe have been quick to popularize. China in 1981 began UASB reactor research, the technology in China has been the actua