【正文】 ty.In this sentence, the expression the oncestandard giveandtake refers to the conventional idea that if one wants to take or gain something he has to give or pay at the same time. The word nofault means being free from duty or obligation, and the word godsend means a gift from God. () : to acquire or e into (something usually undesirable).. ——More than half of these panies incurred substantial losses during the stock market crash. —— His irresponsibility and dishonesty incurred the anger of his friends. Miss Manners does not recognize any holidays from etiquette()This is a metaphorical expression implying that etiquette or appropriate deeds of act are still necessary for the more relaxing occasion such as a party.13.hang around () : to spend time idly or to keep pany with someone else.. —— Having no mood to read the books, he hanged around on campus.——Her parents wanted to know more about the friends their daughter has been hanging around with for the past several months.14.ingrained () : being firmly established or deepseated.. —— It an ingrained prejudice that intelligence concerns one’s skin color.—— No one can persuade him to get rid of the ingrained habits of a decade. questioning establishes that this is an employee’s guest.()This sentence means that the by way of asking several questions in a careful and clever way the boss finds out that the guest is not one of the employees in the pany.discreet: marked by, exercising, or showing prudence and wise selfrestraint in speech and behavior. ——The secretary is very discreet. She never tells anyone unconcerned anything about the pany39。s business.—— One should drive at a discreet distance from the vehicles ahead.16.a passing acquaintance (): someone with whom one is not very familiar except seeing or greeting for one or two times.17. Now, the reason the invitation said and guest was to avoid the ticklish issue of who is still married to whom and what the spouse calls itself.()Now, the invitation says and guest because it is hard to keep track of who is still married to whom and what the name of the current spouse is.In this sentence, and guest refers to the expression monly written on an invitation meaning the partner the invitee is with for attending a party.18. They will, however, be memorable, darkly charging the pany with promoting immorality.()These spouses who did not go to the party would remember this event and accuse the pany for encouraging their employees to tell lies. The word immorality in this sentence indicates the act of lying or cheating the spouse.19.True office romances are the least of them, with their charges of favoritism and melding professional and personal time.()This sentence implies that generally those who intend to have some romantic affairs will not develop a relation with a colleague of the pany because such a behavior will be regarded as inappropriate. And persons who do have such a romantic relation would tend to be criticized as favoring one particular employee over others or mixing business with private life.favoritism: a display of partiality toward a favored person or group. —— It was a badly run enterprise where the management appointed people by favoritism.—— During those years, the joint ventures investing in this special economic development zone enjoyed substantial public favoritism from local government.meld: to mix or bine. —— Looking afar from the beach, swimmers could see the white clouds and an azure sky melded.—— The new prescription is claimed to be a meld of traditional Chinese and western medicine.20.unreciprocated (): not showing or giving in response or return. —— The clerk was disappointed when realizing that his business proposal was actually an unreciprocated one.—— Good wishes should never be unreciprocated.21.have one’s mind on (): mind or care about something. —— Peter has his mind on cars, he never talks about anything else.—— Mary cannot forget her first lover and she will probably have her mind on him for the rest of her life. (): a clich233。 or banal remark. —— There is nothing original in his article but a pile of words and expressions full of platitudes.—— This book on etiquette is no more than waterand milk platitude. (): surprising or not easily explained. —— The photographer was enraged because his works was unaccountably withdrawn from the gallery.——The young man had to see the doctor for his recent unaccountably forgetful behavior.24. In one evening, they manage to cut through the entire hierarchy and procedures the boss has painstakingly established for the purpose of being spared this kind of importuning.()This sentence means that those businessminded employees hope to have a promotion or have their business ideas appreciated or proposals approved by their bosses in a shortest time. But actually the bosses have worked for years to build up the steps or blocks which are intended to avoid employees to make such a request.spare of: to avoid or to be free from. —— You might have a relief once you are spared of all the duties.—— He tried his best to be spared of trouble in this project.importune: to ask for urgently or repeatedly.. —— The child importuned the mother to take him to the amusement park again.—— Don’t give him money. He would only importune more for it from you.25. What else does talking frankly and informally mean but an invitation to unload opinions without any career consequence? ()This sentence means that the idea of frank and free talk implies one could speak out to the boss without worrying that his career would be affected by the notsonice words towards the boss.26. Here is where the pany has pulled a fast one on its employees. ()Here is where the pany has tricked its employees.pull a fast on sb: play a trick on someone as in a magic show。 to engage in unexpectedly unfair or de