【正文】 成詞，2%～3%的超綱詞。對(duì)于部分超綱而且專(zhuān)業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的詞，在較早的幾年里命題者還曾給出過(guò)其漢語(yǔ)意思，如：1991年P(guān)assage 1中的chlorophyll(葉綠素)、carbohydrates(碳水化合物)。1992年P(guān)assage 2中的inertia(慣性)，Passage 3中的hockey(曲棍球)。1993年P(guān)assage 1中的babbling(咿呀學(xué)語(yǔ))，Passage 2中的bureaucratic(官僚主義的)，Passage 3中的monopoly(壟斷)。1994年P(guān)assage 4中的pancreas(胰腺)、genes(基因)，Passage 5中的mold(霉)。但是后來(lái)的命題趨勢(shì)中取消了這種形式，其意圖在于讓考生更多地去猜測(cè)詞語(yǔ)含義。其實(shí)很多短文中出現(xiàn)的超綱詞匯并不影響對(duì)全文的理解，而且我們可以以下幾種方法去猜測(cè)其含義?！　、贅?gòu)詞法：掌握常見(jiàn)的英語(yǔ)詞根、詞綴，通過(guò)分析生詞的詞根、前綴、后綴去推測(cè)詞義。如：1996年P(guān)assage 5中的nonfundamentalist(非原教旨主義 non非，不。fundament基礎(chǔ)，基本原理。al 形容詞后綴。ist…主義者)?！　、谠~性加搭配：先判斷生詞在文章中的詞性，再看它與哪些詞語(yǔ)可以搭配，最后根據(jù)自己的常識(shí)猜測(cè)其大概含義。　?、壅彝x詞、同義解釋或反義詞和反義解釋?zhuān)涸谏舷挛闹姓页錾~的其他表達(dá)法，可能是近(反)義詞、一個(gè)解釋或一些暗示?！　、苷彝辉~：上下文中可能有類(lèi)似生詞出現(xiàn)的句子的平行結(jié)構(gòu)，找出其中和生詞處于同一位置的詞去推測(cè)?！　】忌梢赃m當(dāng)記些詞根詞綴，以備不時(shí)之需。如：　　geo：前綴，表示“地球”，如：geography：地理學(xué), 地理。geology：地質(zhì)學(xué) 。geophysic：地球物理學(xué)?！　ydro： 前綴，表示“水”，“液體”，如：hydrobiology：水生物學(xué)。hydrocooling：水冷法。hydromania：投水狂，自溺。hydroelectric：水電的。　　over：前綴，表示“越過(guò)，超過(guò)”，如：overcrowdedness：過(guò)于擁擠。overestimate：估計(jì)過(guò)高，過(guò)高評(píng)價(jià)。oversensitive：過(guò)于敏感。overplease：使過(guò)分高興。overactive：過(guò)于活躍?！　xample　　Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west joined by a related but newer phenomenon: More and more, Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people, too. Some instances—　　● Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate—371 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population.　　● Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: 635 and 531 percent respectively.　　Except for Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is posed of Western states with 75 million people—about 9 per square mile.(1998年 Passage 4)　　The word “demographers” (line 1, paragraph 8) most probably means .　　[A] people in favor of the trend of democracy　　[B] advocates of migration between states　　[C] scientists engaged in the study of population　　[D] conservatives clinging to old patterns of life　　根據(jù)上下文demographers提到的兩個(gè)例證都涉及人口，因此他們應(yīng)該是 “人口統(tǒng)計(jì)研究方面的人”。[C]選項(xiàng)“研究人口的科學(xué)家，也就是人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家”是該詞的正確含義。同時(shí)，也可運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法的知識(shí)， demo=people, graph=write， er指人。因而猜出它指“記錄人口方面數(shù)據(jù)的人”?！　?3)句意題解題技巧　　試題中出現(xiàn)句意題時(shí)，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容聯(lián)系去猜測(cè)句意?；?qū)⑺嫉木渥优c它的上下文進(jìn)行關(guān)系對(duì)照，找出它與上下文的關(guān)系，如轉(zhuǎn)折、并列、遞進(jìn)、解釋說(shuō)明等，然后針對(duì)不同的關(guān)系，對(duì)上下文采取取非、找同義等方法進(jìn)行解題?！　xample　　It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America’s inflation rate would average 35% in 1995 In fact, it fell to 26% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan。over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.(1997年 Passage 5)　　The sentence “This is no flash in the pan” (Line 5, Paragraph 3) means that.　　[A] the low inflation rate will last for some time　　[B] the inflation rate will soon rise　　[C] the inflation will disappear quickly　　[D] there is no inflation at present　　此題需要根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)句意。在This is no flash in the pan之前，作者給出近來(lái)美國(guó)、英國(guó)和日本的通貨膨脹率都低于經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家預(yù)期的數(shù)字。之后又指出在過(guò)去的幾年，英國(guó)和美國(guó)的通貨膨脹率始終低于預(yù)期的水平。由此可以推斷，該句意思是“并非一時(shí)現(xiàn)象，并非是曇花一現(xiàn)”。 [A]選項(xiàng)“低通貨膨脹率將會(huì)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間”符合題意。　　(4)選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)　　正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：第一，詞義題中，不是熟詞的常規(guī)含義。第二，句意題中，正確選項(xiàng)不含有意義過(guò)于絕對(duì)化的詞語(yǔ)，而是使用不肯定語(yǔ)氣詞或意義解釋深刻。　　Example　　The American economic system is organized around a basically privateenterprise, marketoriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in petition with other businessmen。 and the profit motive, operating under petitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their ines, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.(1994年 Passage 1)　　In line 8,paragraph 1, “the desire of individuals to maximize their ines” means .　　[A] Americans are never satisfied with their ines　　[B] Americans tend to overstate their ines　　[C] Americans want to have their ines increased　　[D] Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their ines　　[A]、[B]選項(xiàng)都使用了帶有絕對(duì)意義的詞語(yǔ)，如never 和overstate因此可直接排除。[C]和[D]意義相近，但是[D]的意義更為深刻，因此可知[D]為答案。而且，此處的ine不是常規(guī)詞義“收入”，而是“收入的購(gòu)買(mǎi)力”，故不可選答案[C]?！　「蓴_項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：第一，與所考詞匯形似。第二，如果考的是熟詞，含有常規(guī)詞義的一般是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。第三，根據(jù)命題原則，正確選項(xiàng)不會(huì)使用與原文過(guò)多相同的字眼，因此，對(duì)句子的解釋中含有過(guò)多原句中已有的詞和短語(yǔ)的選項(xiàng)一定是錯(cuò)誤的。(四)推理引申題　　推理引申題主要測(cè)試考生理清上下文邏輯關(guān)系的能力，要求考生領(lǐng)悟所讀材料中句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，并且根據(jù)材料提供的已知信息進(jìn)行分析、歸納和推理。判斷推理能力對(duì)深刻理解一篇文章十分重要，特別是理解作者字里行間的言外之意、作者的觀點(diǎn)、寫(xiě)作意圖和態(tài)度。命題專(zhuān)家在命制此類(lèi)試題時(shí)通常要求考生對(duì)文章或段落進(jìn)行深層推理和理解，不可能把試題的答案非常直接地暴露于選項(xiàng)中。因此考生應(yīng)該注意把它與事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)，推理引申題必須以事實(shí)為依據(jù)，但是得出的結(jié)果又絕對(duì)不是事實(shí)本身，即不能“就事論事”?！　⊥评硪觐}對(duì)一些基礎(chǔ)比較薄弱的考生而言是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，考生似乎對(duì)文章讀懂了(可稱(chēng)之為“自我感覺(jué)良好”)，然而在解題時(shí)卻始終不知如何下手，試題也做得不好。這是考生沒(méi)有領(lǐng)會(huì)命題專(zhuān)家設(shè)置推理引申試題的用意的緣故。事實(shí)上推理引申題考查的不僅是考生對(duì)字面意義的理解，更要求考生透過(guò)文章的字里行間去推測(cè)作者未明說(shuō)而又意欲表達(dá)的含義。解此類(lèi)題，考生應(yīng)該根據(jù)文中的材料進(jìn)行有關(guān)的判斷、推理和引申?！　V義的推理引申題涵蓋的范圍極其廣泛。它既可以就總體信息也可以就具體或特定信息提問(wèn)。總體提問(wèn)通常包括文章主旨題、作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。局部提問(wèn)通常指段落主旨題、猜測(cè)詞義/句意題。但是為了突出這四種出現(xiàn)頻率很高且?guī)в械湫托缘念}型，我們下面談到的推理引申題是排除以上情況的狹義概念?！　?命題模式　　狹義的推理引申題題干中常有infer，imply，suggest，deduce，conclude等詞出現(xiàn)，常見(jiàn)的命題模式有：　　(1)It can be inferred from the text/the last paragraph/the first sentence that...　　(2)We can infer (assume, deduce) that .　　(3)Which of the following can (not) be inferred from the passage?　　(4)It is implied (indicated, suggested) in the passage/the first paragraph/the second sentence/the example that .　　(5)By... the author implies (suggests, indicates )that .　　(6)The passage implies in the passage that .　　(7)The author suggests(indicates)in the passage that .　　(8)It can be concluded from the passage that .　　(9)From the passage /the third paragraph/the last sentence/the example that... we can draw the conclusion that .　　(10)What conclusion can be drawn from the passage