高三英語：專題九非謂語動詞十一-專題熱點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)-資料下載頁
2025-06-07 23:51本頁面
【正文】 re, how, what等）+ 不定式，這個結(jié)構(gòu)在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語。如：I didn’t know what to do. (賓語)When to hold the meeting is not known yet. (主語)My question was how to get so many books. (表語)注意句型：Why not do sth. ? Why do sth. ?二、不定式的主動和被動1．不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時，不定式往往用主動形式。如：Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon ?(A knife cuts the watermelon.)2．不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，又和該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時，不定式常用主動形式。如：She has a sister to look after. (She looks after her sister.)I know what to do. (I do what.)3．不定式作表語形容詞的關(guān)語，和句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時，不定式多用主動形式，這是因?yàn)槿藗兺J(rèn)為形容詞后省去了for sb. 如：This book is difficult to understand. This kind of fish is nice to eat. 4．在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時，不定式用主動形式；如果說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的事情本身必須被完成，則用被動形式。如：There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to do the work. )There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done. )請注意下面兩個句子的含義的不同點(diǎn)：There is nothing to do. (無事可做，感到十分乏味。)There is nothing to be done. (某東西壞了，無法使之恢復(fù)正常。)三、不定式符號to 的保留問題有時為了避免重復(fù)，可以用to 來代替前面的不定式，這種情況出現(xiàn)在下列動詞之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或出現(xiàn)在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面。如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有：be, have, have been，這些詞要保留。如：I haven’t been to Hong Kong, but I wish to. — Are you on holiday ? — No, but I’d like to be. — I didn’t tell him the news. 我沒有告訴他那個消息?！?Oh, you ought to have. 噢，你本應(yīng)該告訴他的。四、動名詞作主語動名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主語，但在下列句型中常用動名詞作主語。It is / was no use / good + doing sth. It is / was not any use / good + doing sth.It is / was of little use / good + doing sth. It is / was useless 如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。It is of little good staying up too late every day. 每天都熬夜沒有什么好處若主語和表語都是非謂語動詞，應(yīng)保持形式上的一致。Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 眼見為實(shí)。五、注意以下表達(dá)的意義區(qū)別falling leaves 正在下落的樹葉 fallen leaves 已經(jīng)落下的樹葉boiling water 沸騰的水 boiled water 燒開過的水developing countries 發(fā)展中國家 developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國家I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon. Her job is giving piano lessons to children, but this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance. The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight of the snake. (The girl was frightened. ) 看到蛇，女孩尖叫起不。His frightening shout scared the boys again. ( The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened. )他大吼一聲把那幫男孩給嚇跑了。類似的還有：an exciting voice 令人興奮的聲音 an excited voice 興奮的聲音a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情 a puzzled look 困惑的表情He He hunted all the shops, looking for a nice present for his girlfriend. (伴隨)他找遍了所有的商店，為他的女友尋來一件精英的禮物。He hunted all the shops to buy a nice present for his girlfriend. (目的)為給他的女友買一件精美的禮物，他跑遍了所有的商店。I stayed up very late yesterday, preparing my speech. (伴隨)我昨晚睡得很晚，一直在準(zhǔn)備演講稿。I got up very early this morning to prepare breakfast for my family. (目的)今天早晨我起得很早以便給家人準(zhǔn)備早餐。第 6 頁 共 6 頁
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