【正文】 n 后面時，如果介詞之前有行為動詞do 的某種形式，那么介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則就要帶to。如：We could do nothing but / other than wait. We had nothing to do but / other than wait. We have no choice but to wait. I can’t choose but laugh. 熱點五 不定式、分詞作狀語用法要點一、不定式作狀語He sat down to have a rest. (表目的)They went there to visit their teacher. 他們去那里拜訪老師。（表示結果）My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China. 我祖母活到親眼見到中國解放。如：I am very glad to see you. 我非常高興地見到你。在帶有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作狀語，表示程度。He is old enough to go to school. 他到上學年齡了。注意：強調動詞不定式所表示的目的時，動詞不定式可用in order to (為了) 或so as to (以便) + 動詞原形。He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起為了趕上第一班車。To look at him, you would like him. (表條件)To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me. To be honest, I know nothing about it. (修飾全句，獨立成分)二、分詞作狀語1．分詞作狀語形式的選擇形式意義V + ing (doing)與句中主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系，與句中謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，或基本上同時發(fā)生。V + ed (done)與句中主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系。having been + V +ed(having been done)與句中主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系，且先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。分詞作狀語必須和句中主語含有邏輯上的主謂或動賓關系，否則不能使用分詞作狀語。表示時間關系的分詞短語有時可由連詞while 或when 引出。常見的有：Generally speaking … 一般說來Frankly speaking … 坦白地說Judging from … 根據(jù)……來判斷Considering … 考慮到……To tell you the truth … 說實話熱點六 非謂語動詞其它用法一、疑問詞 + 不定式結構疑問詞（who, which, when, where, how, what等）+ 不定式，這個結構在句中起名詞作用，可充當主語、表語、賓語。如：Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon ?(A knife cuts the watermelon.)2．不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系，又和該句主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系時，不定式常用主動形式。如：There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to do the work. )There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done. )請注意下面兩個句子的含義的不同點：There is nothing to do. (無事可做，感到十分乏味。)三、不定式符號to 的保留問題有時為了避免重復，可以用to 來代替前面的不定式，這種情況出現(xiàn)在下列動詞之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或出現(xiàn)在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面。如：I haven’t been to Hong Kong, but I wish to. — Are you on holiday ? — No, but I’d like to be. — I didn’t tell him the news. 我沒有告訴他那個消息。四、動名詞作主語動名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主語，但在下列句型中常用動名詞作主語。It is of little good staying up too late every day. 每天都熬夜沒有什么好處若主語和表語都是非謂語動詞，應保持形式上的一致。五、注意以下表達的意義區(qū)別falling leaves 正在下落的樹葉 fallen leaves 已經(jīng)落下的樹葉boiling water 沸騰的水 boiled water 燒開過的水developing countries 發(fā)展中國家 developed countries 發(fā)達國家I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon. Her job is giving piano lessons to children, but this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance. The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight of the snake. (The girl was frightened. ) 看到蛇，女孩尖叫起不。類似的還有：an exciting voice 令人興奮的聲音 an excited voice 興奮的聲音a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情 a puzzled look 困惑的表情He He hunted all the shops, looking for a nice present for his girlfriend. (伴隨)他找遍了所有的商店，為他的女友尋來一件精英的禮物。I stayed up very late yesterday, preparing my speech. (伴隨)我昨晚睡得很晚，一直在準備演講稿。第 6 頁 共 6 頁