高三英語(yǔ)：專題九非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞十一-專題熱點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)(完整版)
【正文】 other than 后面時(shí)，如果介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do 的某種形式，那么介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則就要帶to。be worth 后必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。① The squirrels was lucky that if just missed being caught. ② I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocena in five days. ③ I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 三、下列動(dòng)詞或詞組既可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，也可以跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。例如：The houses being built are for the teachers. The broken glass is Tom’s. I have never seen a more moving movie. 2．作定語(yǔ)的不及物動(dòng)詞分詞形式為：V –ing 和過(guò)去分詞。如：At that time, I found him crying in the street. He was caught stealing. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. 熱點(diǎn)三 不定式、分詞作定語(yǔ)用法要點(diǎn)一、不定式作定語(yǔ)1．作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。如Tom had his leg broken while playing football.Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. ② have sb. / sth. doing 使/讓某人/物持續(xù)地做某事（現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行）get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物開(kāi)始行動(dòng)起來(lái)如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. 農(nóng)忙時(shí)，農(nóng)民們讓拖拉機(jī)夜以繼日地干活。leave sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事（賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。2011年高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)專題九 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（十一）——專題熱點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)熱點(diǎn)一 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能名稱主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)不定式√√√√√√動(dòng)名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞√√√√過(guò)去分詞√√√√熱點(diǎn)二 分詞、不定式作賓補(bǔ)用法要點(diǎn)一、分詞、不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別1．感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役動(dòng)詞have 后面的賓補(bǔ)有三種形式，即原形動(dòng)詞（不帶to 的不定式）、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。）leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)和完成，一般以u(píng)ndone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 為多）leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做（不定式表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開(kāi)始朝前線行進(jìn)起來(lái)。如：The Browns have a fortable house to live in. There is nothing to worry about. Please give me a knife to cut with.Here is some paper for you to write on.但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place 或way時(shí)，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上省去。V –ing 表示正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成。但意義上有區(qū)別，要特別注意。此外，若動(dòng)詞need 表“需要”，require 表“要求”，want 表“想要”這些意義時(shí)，其后須接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，然后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。另外在can’t choose but, can’t help but, can’t but 后面的不定式也要省略to。如：He was too excited not to say a few words. 他太激動(dòng)了，不會(huì)不講幾句話的。having + V + ed(having done)與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。如：Hearing the news, they got excited. (時(shí)間)Be careful while / when crossing the street. (時(shí)間)Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因)Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (條件)The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (結(jié)果)Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (讓步)The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴隨狀況)4．獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)有些分詞短語(yǔ)，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分。如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有：be, have, have been，這些詞要保留。His frightening shout scared the boys again. ( The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened. )他大吼一聲把那幫男孩給嚇跑了。He hunted al
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