高三英語(yǔ)：專(zhuān)題九非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞十一-專(zhuān)題熱點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)(已改無(wú)錯(cuò)字)
2023-07-08 23:51:43 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 ② — What do you think of the book ? — Oh, excellent, It’s worth reading a second time. 四、動(dòng)詞不定式作動(dòng)詞tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面常帶wh – 引導(dǎo)詞。即how, what, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do。但why + 不帶to 的不定式。注意此用法的不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)需與主句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)保持一致，否則用賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：He showed us how to do the work. ( = He showed us how we should do the work.)I don’t know what to do. ( = I don’t know what I’ll do.)Can you tell me why do it ?五、動(dòng)詞不定式在介詞but, other than 后面時(shí)，如果介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do 的某種形式，那么介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則就要帶to。另外在can’t choose but, can’t help but, can’t but 后面的不定式也要省略to。如：We could do nothing but / other than wait. We had nothing to do but / other than wait. We have no choice but to wait. I can’t choose but laugh. 熱點(diǎn)五 不定式、分詞作狀語(yǔ)用法要點(diǎn)一、不定式作狀語(yǔ)He sat down to have a rest. (表目的)They went there to visit their teacher. 他們?nèi)ツ抢锇菰L老師。（表目的）He woke up only / just to find everybody gone. 他醒來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)大家都走了。（表示結(jié)果）My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China. 我祖母活到親眼見(jiàn)到中國(guó)解放。（表示結(jié)果）在某些形容詞作表語(yǔ)，表示喜、怒、衷、樂(lè)后跟不定式表示原因。如：I am very glad to see you. 我非常高興地見(jiàn)到你。I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 聽(tīng)到你母親生病真遺憾。在帶有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作狀語(yǔ)，表示程度。如：He was too excited not to say a few words. 他太激動(dòng)了，不會(huì)不講幾句話(huà)的。He is old enough to go to school. 他到上學(xué)年齡了。She is too tired to do the job. 她太累而不能做那件工作了。注意：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的目的時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式可用in order to (為了) 或so as to (以便) + 動(dòng)詞原形。so as to 不用于句首。He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起為了趕上第一班車(chē)。The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 汽車(chē)停下來(lái)以便接納乘客。To look at him, you would like him. (表?xiàng)l件)To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me. To be honest, I know nothing about it. (修飾全句，獨(dú)立成分)二、分詞作狀語(yǔ)1．分詞作狀語(yǔ)形式的選擇形式意義V + ing (doing)與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生。having + V + ed(having done)與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。V + ed (done)與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。being + V + ed(being done)與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，一般作原因狀語(yǔ)置于句首。having been + V +ed(having been done)與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。2．分詞作狀語(yǔ)的基本原則分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。分詞作狀語(yǔ)必須和句中主語(yǔ)含有邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，否則不能使用分詞作狀語(yǔ)。3．分詞作狀語(yǔ)的句法功能分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可由連詞while 或when 引出。如：Hearing the news, they got excited. (時(shí)間)Be careful while / when crossing the street. (時(shí)間)Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因)Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (條件)The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (結(jié)果)Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (讓步)The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴隨狀況)4．獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)有些分詞短語(yǔ)，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱(chēng)作獨(dú)立成分。常見(jiàn)的有：Generally speaking … 一般說(shuō)來(lái)Frankly speaking … 坦白地說(shuō)Judging from … 根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷Considering … 考慮到……To tell you the truth … 說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)熱點(diǎn)六 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞其它用法一、疑問(wèn)詞 + 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問(wèn)詞（who, which, when, whe
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