專業(yè)英語復(fù)習(xí)資料福利版-資料下載頁
2025-06-07 13:51本頁面
【正文】 p.（不知道怎么說。）2chloropentane, 2methylbutane2,2,4trimethylpentane (or isooctane) （trimethyl：三甲基的意思，pentane：戊烷，連起來整個(gè)單詞的意思就是三甲基戊烷）1chloro3,3dimethylpentane（chloro：氯 dimethyl： 二甲基）2methylpropane (or isobutane)（methyl 甲基）Cyclo’alkanes, CnH2n (naming rule similar to the abovementioned) + add cycloStart numbering from the most “important” branch in the ring（成環(huán)烷烴的命名方法，看看例子就懂了。）（cyclone 環(huán) dichloro 二氯）SupplementsPrimary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary carbon atom.Normal hydrocarbon: nhexane or of some groups derived from alkanes byreplacing “ane” with “yl”:補(bǔ)充第一，二，三，四級(jí)碳原子。一般的烴：正己烷和正己烷。一些烷基用yl代替ane（應(yīng)該是這個(gè)意思，不信就看下面的例子）：Eg.：methyl, ethyl, npropyl, isopropyl, nbutyl, npentyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexylPracticeDraw the structural formula for each of the following pounds（畫出一下各化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)式）(1) 3hexyne(2)1,3pentadiene(3)cyclcobutene(4) 3, 4diethylhexane(5) 1butyneNomenclature of aromatic hydrocarbons（——?。。∷嬖V我它不支持葡萄牙語。囧。不過我覺得應(yīng)該是在講苯的命名方式）The name of a single substituent is added to benzene（苯） as a prefix. Three structurally isomeric forms are designated ortho (o), meta (m), and para (p).一個(gè)單一的取代基的名稱添加到苯作為前綴。三的結(jié)構(gòu)同分異構(gòu)體的形式指定的鄰位（O），間（M），和對(duì)位（P）Eg：ethylbenzene, pnitrobenzoic acid, hexachlorobenzene, toluene, mxylene.group: phenyldiphenylmethane.Nomenclature for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（多環(huán)芳香烴的命名）Eg:Nomenclature for functional groups（功能性基團(tuán)的命名Halo (X), hydroxyl (OH), amino (NR3. primary: RNH2,secondary: R2NH, tertiary: R3N), formyl (CHO),carbonyl (CO), carboxyl (COOH), a’mido (CONH2),carbonyl halide (COX), an’hydride (COOCOR),ester(COOR), nitro(NO2), nitroalkane (RNO2),sulfonic acid (SO3H), cyano (CN)Functional groups with covalent single bonds（共價(jià)單鍵功能組）Alkyl (烷基）and aryl （芳基）halides (RX)Eg:Methyl bromide (bromomethane),methyl iodide (iodomethane), ethyl bromide(bromoethane), propyl bromide (1bromopropane),propylene dibromide (1,2dibromopropane), vinyl chloride (chloroethene), chlorobenzene.Functional groups with covalent single bonds（圖上的意思是說 對(duì)于醇和酚，要把烷烴，烯烴，炔烴后面的e去掉加上后綴ol，從最接近OH基團(tuán)的地方開始編號(hào)。 In the case of 2and 3 OH groups 的意思是 如果有兩到三個(gè)OH基團(tuán)的情況）mercial name：（商業(yè)名稱。估計(jì)是特殊例子，或者通俗的說法）methyl alcohol ( 甲醇) , ethyl alcohol (乙醇), propyl alcohol (1propanol), ethylene glycol (乙二醇)， glycerol (甘油), isopropyl alcohol (異丙醇）Functional groups with covalent single bondsNomenclature for functional group with double bonds（對(duì)于含雙鍵官能團(tuán)的命名）Esters (RCOOR’)in the twoword name for an ester, the first word is the name of the R’ group (methyl, ethyl, …), the second word is the name of the carboxylic acid with the final c ic replaced by –ate (回憶無機(jī)鹽的命名）methyl formate (methanoate), methyl acetate (ethanoate),ethyl benzoate（酯（rcoor”）在兩個(gè)字的名字的第一個(gè)字是一種酯，的R組名稱（甲基，乙基，……），第二個(gè)寫出酸的名字，并把后綴c，改成ate）應(yīng)該就是這個(gè)意思了）Nomenclature for functional group with double bonds 總結(jié)其實(shí)就是一些名詞的各種組合與前后綴的變化，花點(diǎn)時(shí)間記一下基本的單詞，和一些規(guī)則。再把一些特例記住就很簡單了。什么，你說你沒有時(shí)間?。。?！ 擦，我也沒有。所以， 求抱大腿?。?！
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