【正文】 狀語從句放在句子前頭，需要倒裝。） Only when the external conditions are favourable can we tackle this problem.（正確。只有在外部條件有利的情況下，我們才可以解決這個(gè)問題。） 3. 否定詞語放在句首要倒裝，如never, hardly, rarely, seldom, barely, nowhere等。例：We have made it clear that under no circumstances we would use it for personal affairs.（錯(cuò)誤。under no circumstances放在句子前，句子要進(jìn)行倒裝。）We have made it clear that under no circumstances would we use it for personal affairs.（正確。已經(jīng)非常明確的是，不管在任何情形下，我們都不會(huì)將其用作個(gè)人用途。） 4. 具備否定意義的連詞放在句首也要倒裝，如not only...but also..., nor, not until等。例：A quick dish does not necessarily mean a promise of flavour. Nor fast food has to be junk food.（錯(cuò)誤。nor放在句子前頭，句子要進(jìn)行倒裝。）A quick dish does not necessarily mean a promise of flavour. Nor does fast food have to be junk food.（正確。速食未必就意味著犧牲味道，而快餐也未必就一定是垃圾食品。）b. 平行結(jié)構(gòu)：由平行連接詞連接兩個(gè)對(duì)等的詞和對(duì)等的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。 1. and和or的平行結(jié)構(gòu)例1：It is widely accepted that the process of education begins at birth and continuing throughout life.（錯(cuò)誤。continuing是現(xiàn)在分詞，和begins這個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞不能匹配。）It is widely accepted that the process of education begins at birth and continues throughout life.（正確。人們廣泛認(rèn)為，教育應(yīng)從人的出生開始，然后持續(xù)一輩子。）例2：While tertiary education has been present throughout much of history, it is not until recently that its economic, society and politics importance has bee prominent.（錯(cuò)誤。society和politics都是名詞，不管詞義還是詞性上都不能夠和economic對(duì)應(yīng)。）While tertiary education has been present throughout much of history, it is not until recently that its economic, social and political importance has bee prominent.（正確。雖然高等教育在歷史上很長的一段時(shí)間都存在，但它的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和政治重要性直到最近才變得顯著起來。）2. neither...nor..., as well as, both...and..., not only...but also..., not...but..., the same...as...的平行結(jié)構(gòu)。例：It is argued that animals should have the same rights as human being. （錯(cuò)誤。human being在這里最好和前面的animals對(duì)應(yīng)。）It is argued that animals should have the same rights as human beings.（正確。人們爭論說動(dòng)物應(yīng)該和人有相同的權(quán)利。）十、從句使用錯(cuò)誤a. 定語從句（充當(dāng)主句的定語，類似于定語形容詞的功能） 1. 如果先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞都用who或that，不用which。例：The elderly, which are normally incapable of looking after themselves, need time and passion from their family.（錯(cuò)誤。先行詞是the elderly，因此關(guān)系代詞用who。）The elderly, who are normally incapable of looking after themselves, need time and passion from their family.（正確。老年人通常沒有能力照顧自己，他們需要家人的時(shí)間和愛心。）2. 如果關(guān)系代詞在從句當(dāng)中作定語，那么要用whose，而不是which或者who。例：Of those fastgrowing countries, China, which economy has been growing at 9 percent per year, is particularly successful.（錯(cuò)誤。先行詞China作從句主語economy的定語，不能用which。）Of those fastgrowing countries, China, whose economy has been growing at 9 percent per year, is particularly successful.（正確。在那些快速發(fā)展的國家里，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)每年增長9%，尤其成功。） 3. 關(guān)系代詞如果是在介詞后面，只能用which或者whom，不能用that。例：There are plenty of natural resources in China, most of that are unused.（錯(cuò)誤。of是介詞，后面不能加that。）There are plenty of natural resources in China, most of which are unused.（正確。在中國有很多自然資源，大部分都還沒被使用。） 4. where, when, why等關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語，其后的句子結(jié)構(gòu)主干必須完整。例：People like shopping on the Boxing Day, when can buy very fashionable modities at cost price.（錯(cuò)誤。關(guān)系副詞when后句子結(jié)構(gòu)主干要完整。）People like shopping on the Boxing Day, when they can buy very fashionable modities at cost price.（正確。人們喜歡在節(jié)禮日購物，那一天人們可以用成本價(jià)買非常時(shí)尚的商品。）5. 先行詞如果是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)、不定代詞（anything, nothing）和the one, all, much, few, any, little等詞時(shí)，后面一般只用that。例：Everything which he can see is upside down.（錯(cuò)誤。everything后的關(guān)系代詞一般不用which。）Everything that he can see is upside down.（正確。每一件他可以看見的東西都是顛倒過來的。）6. 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別在于：限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，對(duì)其有限制作用；而非限制性定語從句與先行詞只有一種松散的修飾關(guān)系，在某種程度上其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)分句。例：It proves difficult to transform a person, who has mitted crimes repeatedly into a lawabiding citizen.（錯(cuò)誤。應(yīng)該用限制性定語從句。）It proves difficult to transform a person who has mitted crimes repeatedly into a lawabiding citizen.（正確。事實(shí)證明將一個(gè)慣犯完全轉(zhuǎn)變成守法的公民是困難的。）b. 狀語從句（從句在主句中作狀語，類似于副詞的功能）1. 在狀語從句中，如果從句中的主語和主句的主語一致，為了簡潔起見，從句中常需要省略部分成分。例：When music is heard or played by us, music always reminds us of the time and environment in which it was created.（錯(cuò)誤。句子繁瑣不簡潔，從句應(yīng)省略部分成分。）When being heard or played by us，music always reminds us of the time and environment in which it was created.（正確。當(dāng)聆聽或者演奏音樂的時(shí)候，我們常會(huì)被帶入到音樂被創(chuàng)造時(shí)的時(shí)間和意境中。） 2. 如果狀語從句的主語和主句的主語不一致，那就不可以省略例：There is a lot to do before solving this problem.（錯(cuò)誤。從句和主句主語不一樣，從句的主語應(yīng)該是人，而主句的主語是a lot。）There is a lot to do before we can solve this problem.（正確。在可以解決這個(gè)問題之前，我們還有很多事情要做。）c. 名詞性從句（從句在主句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、同位語和表語）1. whether和that不能夠同時(shí)連用。例：The question remains whether that it was a serious love affair or a passing fancy.（錯(cuò)誤。that和whether不能夠同時(shí)使用。）The question remains whether it was a serious love affair or a passing fancy.（正確。是嚴(yán)肅的感情還是一時(shí)的好感，這仍然是個(gè)問題。）2. 連詞或者代詞的使用錯(cuò)誤。名詞性從句不能直接用which來引導(dǎo)，一般應(yīng)使用相應(yīng)的介詞，又或者直接用that引導(dǎo)從句。例1：There is an argument which is whether violence displayed in the media is related to subsequent violent behaviour among viewers.（錯(cuò)誤。在argument后面加一個(gè)介詞about，然后引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句。）There is an argument about whether violence displayed in the media is related to subsequent violent behaviour among viewers.（正確。關(guān)于媒體暴力和觀眾隨后的暴力行為是否相關(guān)存在著爭議。）例2：Democracy is based on the idea which is that all people are created equal.（錯(cuò)誤。idea后應(yīng)直接跟同位語從句。） Democracy is based on the idea that all people are created equal.（正確。民主基于“人生來平等”這一觀點(diǎn)。）歡迎您的光臨，！希望您提出您寶貴的意見，你的意見是我進(jìn)步的動(dòng)力。贈(zèng)語； 如果我們做與不做都會(huì)有人笑，如果做不好與做得好還會(huì)有人笑，那么我們索性就做得更好，來給人笑吧！ 現(xiàn)在你不玩命的學(xué)，以后命玩你。我不知道年少輕狂，我只知道勝者為王。不要做金錢、權(quán)利的奴隸；應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)做“金錢、權(quán)利”的主人。什么時(shí)候離光明最近？那就是你覺得黑暗太黑的時(shí)候。最值得欣賞的風(fēng)景，是自己奮斗的足跡。壓力不是有人比你努力，而是那些比你牛幾倍的人依然比你努力。學(xué)習(xí)