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on-the-accuracy-of-chinese-english-translation-of-international-business-contracts-資料下載頁

2025-05-15 23:16本頁面
  

【正文】 ancel the Agreement.[Example 9]承包人可以使用該房做他的現(xiàn)場辦公室,條件是須付租金。The contractor may use the house as his site office on condition that he pays for it.In translation of conditional clauses, attention should be paid to the shades of meaning between these conjunctions and effort should be made to choose the most suitable word in translation of conditional clauses.Besides, in order to make the terms in the contract prehensive and precise, and avoid misunderstandings, we often use plex structure and lengthy attributive clauses to modify certain noun, phrase and sentence. The following are some examples:[Example 10]未經(jīng)董事會事先書面授權,董事長無權單方面采取對合營公司或董事會有約束力的行動。Without prior written authorization by the board of directors, the chairman shall have no right to take any action that is binding on the JV pany or the board of directors.[Example 11]土地出讓金包括乙方使用土地所需支付的一切費用。The Land Grant Fee shall cover all payments that Party B will be required to pay in order to use the Land.Therefore the mon pattern of conditional adverbials and the plex structure are very good techniques in syntactic translation.. Textual Translation Techniques James, Martin, a senior American lawyer, gives out his suggestions on contract drafting in his Fifty Tips for Writing the 21S39。 Century Contract That Stays Out of Court published in the Florida Bar Journal of November, 2000. One of his proposals goes as follows:If you refer to the subject matter of a sales contract as goods, use that term throughout the contract。 do not alternately call them goods and items. Maintaining consistency is more important than avoiding repetition.Likewise, during the whole process of contract translation, consistency in translation, especially of technical terms and key words should be kept on the grounds that professional terms have wellestablished effect and unique definition after experiencing longterm employment and that key words usually act as a thread to link different contractual clauses in such a way to keep the contract in clear thought. So it can be safely concluded that inconsistent translation or translation without second thought is highly likely to lead to unnecessary misunderstanding and ambiguity. Let us read the following item to see how consistency is kept: Party A transfers and grants to Party B the exclusive and perpetual right to manufacture and sell the licensed products in Chinese Territories accordance with the technology. Such transfer and grant shall cover all elements of the technology relating to the licensed products as of the effective date of this Contract. In addition, Party A shall furnish Party B information concerning the sources of material supply with respect to the manufacture of the licensed products which are not owned by Party A but which are used by Party A in its manufacturing of the licensed products, so that Party B will be able to purchase such materials directly from the said sources of supply. [8] In this paragraph, “the licensed products” are repeated four times, creating a tight chain of words to bind the paragraph without causing any possible disputes.This lexical reiteration, which may be regarded as a rhetorical taboo in other language varieties, plays an important role in ensuring precision and preventing ambiguity in contracts translation and repetition is also a good technique of contract translation in the textual level. 3. Accuracy to Contract Register Another accuracy aspect in this thesis is put the translation into specific situation or certain circumstance, then the accuracy will be improved greatly. So in this chapter the accuracy will be discussed according to register. Halliday: The Notion of RegisterIt is Halliday, a pupil and successor of Firth, who, along with his associates, finally gave currency to the term register as such. Halliday finds the concept of register a useful abstraction linking variations of language to variations of social contexts and suggests that there are three aspects in any situation that have linguistic consequences: field, mode and tenor. [9] According to Halliday, field refers to what39。s happening, to the nature of social action that is taping place, mode concerns what it is that the participants of a transaction are expecting language to do for them in that situation, and tenor has to do with who is taping part in the transaction as well as the nature of the participants, status and rules. For Halliday, register is the clustering of semantic features according to situation type, and can be defined as a configuration of semantic resources that the member of a culture typically associates with a situation type. [9] Seen in this way, the notion of register is at once very simple and very powerful and the theory of register thus derived attempts to uncover the general principles which govern how the language we speak or write varies according to the type of situation. Therefore learning the notion of register definition is necessary for probing the accuracy translation in business contract. Application of Register Theory in Accuracy ImprovementAccording to the literature and data collected, the application of register theory is broad, including stylistics, discourse analysis, foreign language teaching and translation., Zhang Delu is the first person who introduces the register theory into China in 1987, and Chen Xiaoyong is the first person who explores the possibility of the application of register theory into the translation of business English in the article Register Theory and Business English Translation.To be precise, translation is first of all munication, interlingual and intercultural or crosscultural munication. As a crosslingual municative activity, translation involves the contextual differences, which include those of linguistic, situational, social and cultural context.The register theory aims to uncover the general principles which govern the variation in situational types, so th
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