【正文】
1)奧巴馬是第一個(gè)當(dāng)選為美國總統(tǒng)的黑人。 Obama is the first black person to be elected as president of the US. 2) 他總是第一個(gè)到教室 ,但卻是最后一個(gè)離開的。 He is always the first to e to the classroom,but the last to leave. 2. I began school at six. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. where引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞 the school, 在從句充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語。 試比較以下句子: (1)This is the school (that/ which) I visited last year. 這就是我去年去過的那個(gè)學(xué)校。 (2)This is the school where my sister studies. 這就是我妹妹上學(xué)的那個(gè)學(xué)校。 結(jié)論: 當(dāng) 表地點(diǎn)的名詞 在定語從句中作先行詞并在從句中作 狀語 時(shí),用 where引導(dǎo)定語從句,如 (2);如果表地點(diǎn)的名詞在定語從句中作先行詞并在從句中作 主語、賓語或表語 時(shí),則用 which 或 that,如果先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖琴e語 則 which和 that 還可以省略,如(1)。 用適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞填空 我工作的那家公司離我的住處不遠(yuǎn)。 (1)The pany ________ I work isn39。t far from my living place. (2)The pany _______________ I work for isn39。t far from my living place. where that/which/不填 3. …we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. …… 我們被置于這樣一種境地,或者是被迫承認(rèn)我們低人一等,或者是與政府作斗爭。 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞 which”在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語,相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞when, where和 why。 ’ll never fet the days______________we worked. ’ll never fet the days ______ we spent together. went to the place ______________ I worked years ago. went to the place ______ I visited ten years ago. is the reason ______________ he was late. is the reason ___________ he gave. when /in which which where/ in which which why/ for which that/which 幾種易混的情況 vt. vt. vt. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”中的 介詞的選定有兩個(gè)原則 : ; 。 在辦公室 , 5點(diǎn)半之前我似乎從來都沒有時(shí)間,而到這個(gè)時(shí)候許多人都到家了。 In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30, __________many people have got home. by which 在漆黑的街上,沒有一個(gè)人她可以求助。 In the dark street, there wasn39。t a single person _________she could turn for help. 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空 : reason ____ which he was late for school was unbelievable. was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer _____ whom I went for advice. was generous with his time, ________ I was grateful. for to for which to whom 4. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. ? 過去的三十年見證了最大數(shù)量的法律阻止我們權(quán)利和進(jìn)步的情況,直到今天我們已經(jīng)到了幾乎沒有任何權(quán)利的境地。 ? case, situation, position, point, stage等名詞作先行詞時(shí),若后起定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語,用 where 或 “ 介詞 ﹢ which”引導(dǎo)定語從句 . ? Can you think of a situation where this word can be used? 39。re just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk. are some cases where this rule does not apply. 有些情況下這個(gè)規(guī)則是不適用的。 某些動(dòng)詞 (see, find, witness等 ) 主語有時(shí)不是人而是物 , 即 擬人用法 , 使句子生動(dòng)。 ① This old house has seen good days. 這座老房子目睹了那些好日子。 ② Dusk found a boy crying in the street. 黃昏時(shí)一個(gè)小男孩在街邊哭。 ③ Oct 1,1949 saw/ witnessed the foundation of the People’s Republic of China. 1949年 10月 1日見證了中華人民共和國的成立。 see 在此句意為“見證 ,目睹”; (在某段時(shí)期 )發(fā)生 (某情況 ),經(jīng)歷 ,經(jīng)受 。 為某事發(fā)生之時(shí),主語為時(shí)間。 5. … only then did we decide to answer violence with violence 只有到這個(gè)時(shí)候,我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。 當(dāng)句子中 only置于 句首 ,其后接 狀語 ,句子謂語部分倒裝 ,即將 助動(dòng)詞 , 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 和 be動(dòng)詞 置于主語之前。 Only in this way can you solve the problem. Only recently have I allowed myself to think of that again. Only when we studied the data did we realize the mistakes. (1)他只有靠大聲喊才能使河對(duì)岸的人們聽到他的聲音 。 Only by shouting people on the other side of the river hear him. (2)只有當(dāng)他來時(shí) , 你才能離開 。 Only when he es . (3)只有他才能回答這個(gè)問題 。 Only he . (4)直到那時(shí)他才意識(shí)到自己錯(cuò)了 。 he was wrong. 完成句子 was he able to make can you leave could answer the question Only then did he realize 6. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次我向 (參觀 )小組談?wù)?(羅本島監(jiān)獄的情況 )時(shí),心里覺得很不好受。 句型:“ the first/second/last time+從句” “某人第一次 /第二次 /最后一次 …… 的時(shí)候” 歸納拓展 類似的用法還有: ( 1 ) ?????t h e m o m en tt h e m i n u t et h e i n st a n t= a s s o o n a s 一 ?? 就 ?? every / each time 每次 /回 …… 就 …… (the)next time 下次 …… 時(shí) (the) last time (上次 ) (the first time中的冠詞通常不能省略 ) 【 溫馨提示 】 (1) for the first time是介詞短語 ,只可用作狀語。 (2)有時(shí)副詞也可充當(dāng)連詞 , 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,它們是 instantly, immediately, directly 等 , 相當(dāng)于as soon as, 從句用一般過去時(shí)。 每一次我遇到麻煩 , 他都會(huì)來幫我。 Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would e to help me out. , I knew Father was ing. 聽到聲音的那一刻,我知道父親來了。 boy burst into tears __________________________. 男孩一看到媽媽,立刻大哭起來。 The moment I heard the voice immediately he saw his mother ◆ 模仿造句 ,就認(rèn)為他誠實(shí)可信。 ________________________, I thought him honest and reliable. The first time I saw him