【正文】
下表現(xiàn)出的對多個可能的判斷和結(jié)論中的某一個判斷的偏好 ( Kruglanski and Ajzen 1983) 。 ? ? 匹配傾向( matching bias) ? 注意傾向( attentional bias) ? 信念傾向( belief bias) ? 證實(shí)傾向( confirmation bias) ? 代表性( representativeness)可及性( availability)、基點(diǎn)與調(diào)整( anchoring and adjustment)三種經(jīng)驗(yàn)推理方法 ? ……. ? (成人 A和小孩 B一起散步。 A手里拿著 B想要玩的皮球和 B在路上采的花。過了一會兒, A讓 B拿住皮球。) ? ( 1) A: Can you hold the ball? (A gives B the ball) ? ( 2) B: And you keep the flower. ? ( 3) A: Do you want it? ? ( 4) B: No, you keep it. ? (摘自 Weigand 1999) ? (席間 ) ? A: 今天早上真冷,都打不著車。 ? B:今天你打車上班的? ? C:現(xiàn)在的車都先進(jìn)了,天再冷,一般也可以打著。 ? A:第一下沒打著。 ? B:我還以為你打的上班了呢。 ? C:你怎么會這么理解呢?難道你不知道天冷的時候車不容易發(fā)動嗎? ? B:知道啊 !A前一段時間因?yàn)榻?jīng)常堵車,就沒開車,打過一段時間的。 ? C:噢。這點(diǎn)我不知道。 ? ? Old Lady 1 : “ Is this stop Bloomington ?” An old ? lady asked the bus driver. ? Driver 1 : “ No , Ma’am. ” ? Old Lady 2 : “ Well , please tell me when we get ? there ,” she requested. ← ? Driver 2 : “ I’ ll do that ,” promised the driver. ? Later , the driver got careless and ? passed through Bloomington before ? he realized it . He apologized to the ? other passengers , turned around , ? and drove back. Then he said to the old lady : ? Driver 3 : “ This is the town where you wanted ? to get out . ” ? Old Lady 3 : “ Who wanted to get out ?” ? Driver 4 : “ You did. ” ? Old Lady 4 : “ No ,” she said ,“ my daughter told ? me that when I pass through this ? town , I should take my pills. ” ? ( 轉(zhuǎn)引自宗世海 , 2022) ? “no assurance that munication will be certain or even relatively trouble free”(Fish, 1989, ) ?Thank You