高考英語(yǔ)高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-04-17 12:52本頁(yè)面
【正文】 the boy, I，而是自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)：Her mother, Class, Time, Heart, everything。作這種題目時(shí)，我們需要分析的不再是其和主句主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系，而是，它和自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。 “懸垂”現(xiàn)象所謂“懸垂”現(xiàn)象，是指某些作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)明顯不是主句的主語(yǔ)，且沒有帶自己的獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)象。例如： Generally speaking, Tom is fit for his job. Judging from what you said, Tom is fit for his job. Considering everything, Tom is fit for his job. To tell you the truth, you are wrong. 以上例句中的speaking, judging, considering, tell的邏輯主語(yǔ)明顯不是后面主句的主語(yǔ)Tom和you。而是被隱含了的“我”或“我們”。這種現(xiàn)象數(shù)量教少，且形式相對(duì)固定，屬于比較偏的考點(diǎn)。近幾年的高考題鮮有涉及?！究键c(diǎn)四、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別問題】 不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的被動(dòng)式均可以作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞性成分，且都和被修飾語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。但三者的意思不同。不定式表示是將來，現(xiàn)在分詞表示的是正在進(jìn)行，而過去分詞表示的則是已經(jīng)完成。例如： Have you read the novel written by Jack London? (既完成，也被動(dòng)) The novel being talked about in the conference was written by Jack London. (正在被討論) The novel to be published was written by Jack London. (將要被出版) 因此，在具體作題時(shí)，我們需要根據(jù)題目所提供的已知因素推斷這種時(shí)間關(guān)系，才能最后做出正確的選擇。例如： The bridge _______ costs more than 100 million dollars and it will be pleted next month. A. being built B. built C. to be built D. having been built 答案：?。?。解析：題干中告訴我們大橋?qū)⒂谙聜€(gè)月竣工，據(jù)此，我們可以得出結(jié)論，大橋肯定正在建設(shè)中。所以，選Ａ。另外，值得說明的是，本題中的Ｄ選項(xiàng)，即現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式形式，無論有無被動(dòng)，都不作定語(yǔ)使用?！究键c(diǎn)五、不定式的主動(dòng)式和被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別問題】 不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果被修飾詞和該不定式之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，一般用主動(dòng)形式。例如： I can’t make it because I have mountains of work to do. They only had a small cold house to live in. (這個(gè)吊尾介詞不能被省略) They are lucky enough to have such a person to depend on. 但是，如果表示的是另外一種概念，根據(jù)需要，我們必須得用不定式的被動(dòng)式。例如： Do you have anything to do? 你有沒有事情做？(you 和to do有主謂關(guān)系)Do you have anything to be done? 你有沒有事情要我?guī)湍阕觯?you 和to do沒有主謂關(guān)系) 同理： Do you have any to buy? (你自己買)Do you have anything to be bought? (要我?guī)湍阗I)Do you have anything to type? (你自己打字)Do you have anything to be typed? (要我?guī)湍愦蜃?【考點(diǎn)六、動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的代詞轉(zhuǎn)化問題】動(dòng)名詞在句子中發(fā)揮名詞的作用，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等成分。例如： His ing back late made all of us angry. My mother’s being ill sent all of us into great anxiety. We’ll appreciate your calling back soon. Do you mind your students’ using mobiles in school? Can you imagine our passing the test on our first attempt? 值得注意的是，在動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，其中的形容詞性物主代詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為賓格形式的人稱代詞。（作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能這樣轉(zhuǎn)化）例如： We’ll appreciate you calling back soon. (your→you)Do you mind your students using mobiles in school? (your students’→your students)Can you imagine us passing the test on our first attempt? (our→us) 【考點(diǎn)七、帶to不定式和不帶to不定式的問題】關(guān)于不定式是否帶to的問題，通常的考題中有下面幾種特殊情況：在help(或help＋賓語(yǔ))之后即可以用帶to不定式也可以用不帶to不定式。例如： I’m afraid I can’t help you (to) clean the house today. Can you help (to) carry these books to my office? would rather/ would sooner/ would just as soon/ might(just) as well用不帶to不定式。例如： I’d rather/sooner(寧愿) stop now. I’d rather not wait. I’d just as soon (寧可) e at five o’clock. We might just as well (還是…的好) walk. rather than置于句首時(shí)，其后用不帶to不定式。在句中其他位置時(shí)，其后的不定式可以帶to，也可以不帶to。例如： Rather than make a living by selling socks, Mike preferred to work in a coal mine. Rather than have a car of his own, he prefers to rent a car. Mary decided to write a letter rather than (to) make a call. 在介詞except/but (除了)后面，是否帶to，要看介詞前面有沒有do的任何形式或can’t。如果有，不帶to；如果沒有，帶to。例如： In that case, we had nothing to do except wait for help. In that case, we couldn’t choose but wait for help. In that case, we had no other choice but to wait for help. 值得說明的是，介詞的賓語(yǔ)一般是名詞或動(dòng)名詞。能以介詞作賓語(yǔ)的也只有這兩個(gè)?！究键c(diǎn)八、不定式符號(hào)的單獨(dú)使用問題】為了避免重復(fù)，可以省略不定式符號(hào)之后的主動(dòng)詞及其補(bǔ)足成分。這種現(xiàn)象常見于口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中。例如： Would your friends like to see our new house? They would love to. Michael said he would divorce his wife but I doubt he really wanted to. 但是，如果不定式是be或have，通常保留be或have。例如： Are you a teacher? No. But I used to be. He hasn’t finished yet. Well, he ought to have.
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