【正文】 假的，其中必有一真。所以在閱讀理解中，假如四選項(xiàng)中A、B互為正反項(xiàng)，那我們通常先排除C、D項(xiàng)，正確答案一般在A、B項(xiàng)當(dāng)中取其一。3．委婉項(xiàng)原則所謂委婉，這里是指說話不能說死，要留有余地。閱讀理解選項(xiàng)中語氣平和、委婉的往往是正確答案。這些選項(xiàng)一般含有不十分肯定或試探性語氣的表達(dá)，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less,relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition，tend to，be liable to等等，而含有絕對(duì)語氣的表達(dá)往往不是正確答案，如：must, always,never, the most,all, every, any, merely, only, pletely, none, hardly, already等等。4．同形項(xiàng)原則幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)如存在形式與結(jié)構(gòu)上的相似，那它們就互為同形項(xiàng)。同形項(xiàng)組可喻為高爾夫球場(chǎng)上的“果嶺”，而正確答案就是果嶺上的“球洞”。命題者往往先將正確答案設(shè)置在一個(gè)大命題范圍，然后通過語言形式的細(xì)微變化來考察考生的理解能力與分析能力。同形項(xiàng)原則告訴我們：詞匯與句法結(jié)構(gòu)相似的選項(xiàng)一般存在有正確答案。5．常識(shí)項(xiàng)原則在議論文當(dāng)中，那些符合一般常識(shí)，意義深刻富有哲理，符合一般規(guī)律，屬于普遍現(xiàn)象的選項(xiàng)往往是正確答案。6．因果項(xiàng)原則閱讀理解邏輯推理基本都是通過因果鏈進(jìn)行的，前因后果，一步步循序漸進(jìn)。然而，在推理題型的選項(xiàng)中，有的選項(xiàng)會(huì)推理不到位（止于前因），或者推理過頭（止于后果），這就是所謂的干擾項(xiàng)。因果項(xiàng)原則規(guī)定：假如四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)互為同一事物推理過程中的因果關(guān)系，那么正確答案就是這兩個(gè)因果項(xiàng)中的其中之一。如果因項(xiàng)可以產(chǎn)生幾個(gè)結(jié)果，那么答案就是因項(xiàng)；如果果項(xiàng)可以對(duì)應(yīng)幾個(gè)原因，那么答案就是果項(xiàng)。10.【2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)III】B On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a fortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.“Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?” the elegant, whitehaired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I’m from Mississippi too.”Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said. “I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.”Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her bigcity friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.“My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.“I don’t make them up,” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don’t have to.”Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people e from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story. happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?A. Two strangers joined her.B. Her childhood friends came in. C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner.D. Some people held a party there. underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s.A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction? A. They live in big cities. B. They are mostly women. C. They e from real life. D. They are pleasure seekers.【答案】考點(diǎn)：故事類短文閱讀【名師點(diǎn)睛】猜詞技巧：閱讀理解的測(cè)試中經(jīng)常有猜測(cè)詞、短語、習(xí)語意義的題目，這些詞、短語、習(xí)語要么是生詞，要么是熟詞新義，單靠平時(shí)積累是不夠的，還要掌握一定的做題技巧。總結(jié)如下：(1)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(轉(zhuǎn)化、合成、派生)進(jìn)行判斷。(2)根據(jù)文中的定義、解釋猜生詞；利用事例或解釋猜生詞；利用重復(fù)解釋的信息猜生詞。(3)根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇：文章中的代詞it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指一件事。第6題就是屬于對(duì)指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。(4)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷：根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。(5)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷：俗話說，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。(6)根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷：閱讀中有時(shí)出現(xiàn)新詞、難詞，后面就跟著一個(gè)同位語，對(duì)前面的詞進(jìn)行解釋，有時(shí)這種解釋也用連詞“or”連接。(7)利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和提示詞猜測(cè)詞義。還可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或不相干的意義。破折號(hào)表示解釋說明。常見問題形式有：(1)Theword“…”inLine…means/canbebestreplacedby…(2)Asusedinthepassage,thephrase“…”suggests…(3)Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase/thesentence“…”is/refersto/means…(4)Theword“…”isclosestinmeaningto…11.【2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)III】CIf you are a fruit grower—or would like to bee one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but sinceit has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain. Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else. There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with applethemed fun and games. Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and mercial orchards(果園).If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent. can people do at the apple events? A. Attend experts’ lectures. B. Visit fruitloving families. C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D. Taste many kinds of apples. can we learn about Decio?A. It is a new variety. B. It has a strange look. C. It is rarely seen now. D. It has a special taste. does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3mean? A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope. brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire. is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To show how to grow apples.B .To introduce an apple festival.C. To help people select a