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g to say about this question? –No, I haven’t anything to say. (或I have nothing to say.)(或Yes, I have something to say.) 關(guān)于這個問題,你有什么話要講嗎?——我沒有什么話要講。(我有話要說。)She told them something about her 。(作賓語)b)復(fù)合不定代詞被形容詞所修飾時,形容詞須放在它們的后面。如:There is nothing wrong with the 。is there anything important in today39。s newspaper?今天報紙上有什么重要消息嗎?I need somebody strong to help 。 [英語語法手冊]英語數(shù)詞 概說定義和特征1)表示“多少”和“第幾”的詞,叫做數(shù)詞(numeral)。2)數(shù)詞與不定代詞相似,其用法或者相當(dāng)于形容詞,或者相當(dāng)于名詞。種類1)基數(shù)詞 表示“多少”的詞叫做基數(shù)詞(cardinal numeral),如:one (一),twenty(二十),hundred(百)等。2)序數(shù)詞 表示“第幾”的詞叫做序數(shù)詞(ordinal numeral),如:first (第一),twentieth (第二十),hundredth(第一百)等。基數(shù)詞100以下的基本的墓數(shù)詞1 one[wQn] 11 eleven[i5levn]2 two[tu:] 12 twelve[twelv]3 three[Wri:] 13 thirteen [5We:5ti:n]4 four[fC:] 14 fourteen5 five [faiv] 15 fifteen [5fif5ti:n]6 six[siks] 16 sixteen7 seven [5sevn] 17 seventeen8 eight [eit] 18 eighteen[5ei5ti:n]9 nine[nain] 19 nineteen10 ten[ten] 20 twenty [5twenti]21 twentyone [5twenti5wQn] 60 sixty30 thirty [5WE:ti] 70 seventy40 forty [5fC:ti] 80 eighty50 fifty[5fifti] 90 ninety說明:1)13—19皆以后綴teen[5ti:n]結(jié)尾,它們都有兩個重音。注意thirteen,fifteen,eighteen的發(fā)音和拼法。2) 20—90第十位數(shù)的整數(shù)均以后綴ty[ti]結(jié)尾。3)十位數(shù)和個位數(shù)之間須用連字號“”。如:twentyone(二十一),fiftyfive(五十五),ninetynine(九十九)等。100以上的基本的基數(shù)詞100 hundred [5hQndrid]1,000 thousand [5WauzEnd]1,000,000 million [5niljEn]百萬100,000,000 hundred million 一億1,000 million (=billion)十億499 four hundred and ninetynine(101—999如此構(gòu)成)3,876 three thousand eight hundred and seventysix (1001—9999皆如此構(gòu)成)57,453 fiftyseven thousand four hundred and fiftythree(10001—99999)皆如此構(gòu)成)768, 921 seven hundred sixtyeight thousand nine hundred and twentyone8,641, 457 eight million six hundred fortyone thousand four hundred and fiftyseven50, 000, 000 fifty million500, 000, 000 five hundred million5, 000, 000, 000 five thousand million(或five billion)50, 000, 000, 000 fifty thousand million (或fifty billion)說明:1)100和100以上的基數(shù)詞須用hundred,thousand,million, billion等。2)十位數(shù)與百位數(shù)之間有and。但也有不用and的情況,如850可以讀作eight hundred fifty?;鶖?shù)詞的用法基數(shù)詞在句中可用作下列句子成分:1)主語Two plus nine is 。Four times six is twentyfour. 四乘六得二十四。Three of them went to college last 。(如說the three of them,意思則是“他們?nèi)齻€人”)2)賓語Give me 。3)定語There are nineteen students in our 。My uncle bought two hand tractors 。(注)hundred(百),thousand(千)和million(百萬)作定語用時一律不用復(fù)數(shù);作名詞用(后面多跟of短語)時則用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Our country has a population of l,200 million 。There are three thousand students in the 。Rice has been cultivated in the East for thousands of 。Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the 。 4)表語She is just 。He was already forty when he began to learn English他開始學(xué)英語時已經(jīng)四十歲了。序數(shù)詞1-99的基本的序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞 縮寫式 漢譯first [fE:st] lst 第一second [5sekEnd] 2nd 第 二third [We:d] 3rd 第三fouth [fC:W] 4th 第四fifth[fifW] 5th 第五sixth[siksW] 6th 第六seventh[5sevenW] 7th 第七eighth[eitW] 8th 第八ninth[nainW] 9th 第九tenth[tenW] 10th 第十eleventh 11th 第十一twelfth[twelfW] 12th 第十二thirteenth 13th 第十三nineteenth 19th 第十九twentieth [5twentiiW] 20th 第二十fortieth 40th 第四十fiftyfirst 51st 第五十一sixtysecond 62nd 第六十二eightythird 83rd 第八十三ninetyfourth 94th 第九十四說明:1)英語序數(shù)詞1—19除第一(first),第二(second),第三(third)有特殊形式外,其余均由基數(shù)詞后加th [W]構(gòu)成。2)有幾個序數(shù)詞加 –th 時拼法不規(guī)則,它們是:fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。3)十位整數(shù)的序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是:先將十位整數(shù)基數(shù)詞的詞尾 –ty 中的y變成i,然后加eth [iW]。4)基數(shù)詞“幾十幾”變成序數(shù)詞時,僅將個位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞,十位數(shù)不變。如twentyone變成twentyfirst。5)序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式,由阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)碼后加上序數(shù)詞的最后兩個字母構(gòu)成。如:1st,2nd,3rd,4th,31st,82nd,93rd,94th等。序數(shù)詞的用法序數(shù)詞在句中可用作下列各個句子成分:1)主語The first is better than the 。2)賓語He was among the first to 。3)定語China exploded its first atom bomb in October 。His father died in the Second World 。4)表語Jack is always the first to get to the office in the 。[注]序數(shù)詞前面常用定冠詞the。分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)的讀法1)分?jǐn)?shù)(fraction)分子為基數(shù)詞,分母為序數(shù)詞并有復(fù)數(shù)。1/2 one half [hB:f]; 1/3 onethird; 2/3 twothirds;1/4 onefourth或 one quarter [5kwC:tE]; 3/4 threefourths或 three quarters; 2 3/5 two and threefifths.2)小數(shù)(decimal) zero [5ziErEu] point five; one point two five; three point four five eight. [英語語法手冊]年、月、日、時刻表示法 年、月、日表示法1)年代 年代前用in。如:(in) 897讀作 (in) eight hundred and ninetyseven(in) 1961讀作(in) nineteen sixtyone (或in nineteen hundred and sixtyone)(in) 1905讀作(in) nine teen and five(in) 1800讀作(in) eighteen hundred2)月份 月份開頭第一個字母須大寫,表示“在某月”時,月份前面用介詞in。下面月份后附有縮寫式。如:(in) January (in) April (in)February (in) May五月(in) March (in) June六月(in) July七月(in) October (in) August (in)December (in) September (in)November 3)日期 用序數(shù)詞(前面須用the)表示;“在某日”,前面用介詞on。如:(on) the first 一日 (on) the eighteenth 十八日(on) the thirty=first 三十一日4)某年某月某日in September 1954 (讀作in September nineteen fifty four)1954年9月On May 17,1960(讀作on May (the) seventeenth nineteen Sisty ),1960年5月17日On October 1, 1949 (讀作On October (the) first,nineteen forty nine)1949年10月7日[注] the twenties,the thirties等可用來表示“幾十年代”。如in the nineties of the last century(在上一世紀(jì)的九十年代)。時刻表示法1)英語表時刻其前用at。如:We get up at six (或at six o’clock).我們六點(diǎn)起床。They begin work at 。2)如說“幾點(diǎn)幾分”,則用下列方法表示:a)表示“幾點(diǎn)過幾分”,用介詞past,但分?jǐn)?shù)須在半小時以內(nèi)(包括半小時在內(nèi))。如:eleven past seven七點(diǎn)過十一分a quarter past eight 八點(diǎn)一刻half past nine九點(diǎn)半b)表示“幾點(diǎn)差幾分”,用介詞to,但分?jǐn)?shù)須在半小時以上(不包括半小時在內(nèi))。如:two to seven七點(diǎn)差兩分a quarter to eight八點(diǎn)一刻eighteen to nine九點(diǎn)差十八分[注]讀時間表如上課時間表和行車時間表時,可以直接照表上數(shù)字讀。日常生活中講時刻也可用這樣的說法。如:7:15讀作seven fifteen 11:30讀作eleven thirty9:20讀作nine twenty 3:53讀作three fiftythree [英語語法手冊]形容詞 什么是形容詞形容詞(adjective)是修飾名詞表示名詞屬性的詞,常放在它所修飾的名詞之前。如:a lovely baby一個可愛的嬰兒the beautiful picture那幅美麗的圖畫modern history現(xiàn)代歷史形容詞的用法形容詞在句中可用作:1)定語He is a good 。The Chinese Communist Party is a great 。2)表語The film is both moving and ,而且富有教育意義。I am very glad to see 。3)賓語補(bǔ)足語 和賓語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。如:Have you got everything ready for the journey? 你行裝都準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?We keep our rooms clean and 。4)相當(dāng)于名詞 某些形容詞前用定冠詞the,變成名詞化的形容詞,可在句中作主語、賓語等。如:The young are 。(the young作主語)The blind can learn to read with their fingertips. 盲人能夠用指尖學(xué)習(xí)閱讀書籍。(the blin