【正文】 定基礎。⑵幫助兒童了解暈輪效應，幫助他們克服在人際交往中看待同伴的偏見，進一步提高同伴間的人際交往能力。⑶教育兒童不要根據(jù)刻板印象來看待同伴，要學會在交往過程中對同伴作具體分析，應辯證地、發(fā)展地看待同伴。⑷教師要幫助兒童了解近因效應是同伴交往的障礙，要努力克服或避免近因效應給自己在同伴交往中帶來的消極影響。重點掌握自我控制問題的兒童的特點：存在自控問題的兒童主要表現(xiàn)在：抑制沖動，尤其是情緒控制能力較弱；很難抵制誘惑、延遲滿足；自我滿足；堅持性差；自覺性差；監(jiān)督與調節(jié)能力弱。自我控制問題的兒童的輔導方案：⑴對兒童情緒自控問題，要建立理解、寬容、和諧的家庭氛圍；教給兒童一些自我控制情緒的方法。⑵對兒童言語自控問題，成人應為兒童提供健康的語言環(huán)境；不粗暴指責，而要幫助兒童認識錯誤言語；妥善應對兒童插話行為。⑶對兒童行為自控問題，要以身作則；嚴格要求，反復訓練。包括要有規(guī)矩、讓兒童學會自己負責、有適當?shù)膽土P；以理服人，巧用激勵；幫助兒童學會延遲滿足。兒童交往技巧的培養(yǎng)：⑴培養(yǎng)途徑：①同伴和成人直接傳授。告訴兒童基本的交往技巧。②通過對活動的間接觀察。成人給兒童做好榜樣，讓他們在觀察模仿中學會交往。③通過成人的安排和指導。教師可以讓兒童組成小組，通過活動和游戲讓他們發(fā)展交往技巧。⑵培養(yǎng)關注點：①要有正確的目標。促進兒童交往技巧發(fā)展的目標應是:幫助兒童發(fā)展良好的人際關系，使兒童具備合作能力。成人不能批評或厭棄交往技巧欠缺或有問題的兒童。②關注年齡特點。根據(jù)不同年齡兒童的特點，選擇對兒童言語策略和非言語策略的指導。③ 關注個別差異。應認識到兒童個性和交往技巧的差異，給予兒童尊重，不能只提倡某種人際交往方式方法。④鼓勵兒童在交往實踐中提高交往技巧。成人要有意識地鼓勵兒童參與各種群體活動，并進行強化。⑤重視環(huán)境影響。成人要充分估計并采取措施積極應對，消除環(huán)境的消極影響。Visafree policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu39。s 72hour visafree policy has attracted wide attention from both Chinese and foreign experts and businessmen since it took effect on Sept 1 last year. The program permits citizens from 51 countries and regions including the United States, Australia, Canada and Japan who have valid visas and flight tickets to a third country to spend three days in the city. The capital of Sichuan province is the first city in the western region of China to offer foreign tourists a threeday visa and the fourth nationwide to adopt the policy following Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. Li Zhiyong, deputy dean of the tourism institute at Sichuan University, said the move contributes to a large increase in the number of overseas tourists and raises the city39。s level of internationalization. The policy will also bring direct economic revenue, Li said. Chengdu has many cultural legacies and is also a paradise for panda lovers with the world39。s largest breeding and research center. Three days are long enough for foreign visitors to visit those iconic tourist spots, he noted. The city is home to the remains of the Jin sha civilization that dates back more than 3,000 years as well as the Qing cheng Mountains and the Du jiang yan irrigation system. Qing cheng has long been recognized as the birthplace of Taoism, China39。s ancient indigenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldest functioning watercontrol project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year. But, Li added that efforts are still needed to develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate translation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the policy very convenient. A British client once flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72hour visafree policy and pelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the pany has a global hub of operation in Chengdu, so the threeday visa has an immediate and positive influence on the pany39。s business development. Rudy Buttignol, president of the public broadcasting pany in British Columbia, Canada, said his work requires frequent travel to Chengdu and the policy makes the trips easier. Data from the city39。s public security bureau shows some 100 foreign visitors enjoyed the 72hour policy by the end of March, most of them from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Chengdu also reported robust growth in its overall tourist industry last year. Official statistics show that it received some 150 million tourists last year, an increase of 28 percent from 2012. Around million came from abroad, an increase of 12 percent. Total revenue from tourism surpassed 133 billion yuan ($). During his visit to Kazakhstan in September, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed that China and Central Asia join hands to build a Silk Road economic belt to boost cooperation. The idea has been widely echoed in Central Asian countries, being an encouraging blueprint for Chinese areas along the Silk Road that has linked Asia and Europe for more than 2,000 years. In the next three weeks, China Daily reporters will travel through the belt in China and in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. They will show the progress and expectations of the countries, businesses and peoples on the route. Shaanxi the start of the ancient Silk Road has positioned itself as the new starting point for the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt, which will strengthen China39。s cooperation with Central Asian countries, a senior official said. Shaanxi Governor Lou Qinjian said the province is fresh, rich and unique, as it was when it anchored one end of the ancient Silk Road. It is the best option for acmodating industrial transfers from East China or the world at large, he said on Wednesday in Xi39。an.Lou held a joint interview with 27 media, including China Daily, the first in a series of interviews entitled Chinese Media Along the Silk Road. The interviews will be in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces and the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, as well as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey.The media group held the first interview on Wednesday morning in Xi39。an, the starting point of the ancient Silk Road, a trade channel established more than 2,000 years ago linking China, Central Asia and Europe.