【導(dǎo)讀】‖(里仁為美,擇不處仁,焉得知?itthanitishere.‖(仁遠(yuǎn)乎矣?我欲仁,斯仁矣). 我未見力不足孝.蓋有之矣,我。-(如有博施於民而能濟(jì)眾,何如?簞食,一瓢飲,在陋巷,人不堪其憂,回也不改其樂).不違仁,其餘則日月至焉而已矣).(克己復(fù)禮為仁.一日克己復(fù)禮,天下歸仁矣

　　

【正文】 he seeks within himself。 what the small man seeks, he seeks in others.‖ ? (君子求諸己 ,小人求諸人 ) (A ) A junzi works for himself, a petty person works to impress others. ? The Master said, ―The junzi cannot be valued on the strength of small matters but can be given great responsibilities. A small man cannot be given great responsibilities but can be valued on the strength of small matters.‖ ? (君子不可小知而可大受也 ,小人不可大受而可小知也 ) (A ) Junzi君子 in the Analects ? The Master said, ―The junzi is easy of mind, while the small man is ever full of anxiety.‖ ? (君子坦蕩蕩 ,小人長戚戚 ) (A ) – A junzi has no worries amp。 is always peaceful. ? Tsangzi said, ―A junzi makes friends through being cultivated, but looks to friends for support in ren.‖ ? (君子以文會友 ,以友輔仁 ) (A ) A Synthesis of Junzi and Ren (A ) ? The Master said, ―Wealth and high position are what men desire, but unless I got them in the right way I would not abide in them. Poverty and low station are what men dislike, but if I got them in the right way I would not try to take myself away from them.(富與貴 ,定人之所欲也 。不以其道得之 ,不處也 .貧與賤 ,是人之所惡也 。以其道得之 ,不去也 ) ―If a junzi forsakes ren, wherein can he make a name for himself? The junzi never deserts ren, not even for as long as it takes to eat a meal. If he hurries and stumbles one may be sure that it is in ren that he does so.‖ (A ) Examples of a Junzi: Ancient Kings ? The Master said, ―With Yu I can find no fault. He ate and drank the meanest fare while ,asking offerings to ancestral spirits and gods with the utmost devotion proper to a descendant. He wore coarse clothes while sparing no effort to enhance the splendor of his robes and caps on sacrificial occasions. He lived in lowly dwellings while devoting all his energy to the building of irrigation canals. With Yu I can find no fault.‖ ? (禹 ,吾無間然矣 .菲飲食而致孝乎鬼神 ,惡衣服而致美乎黻冕 ,卑宮室而盡力乎溝洫 .禹 ,吾無間然矣 ) (A ) V. Confucius’s Teaching Method ? Teach: according to their strengths and weaknesses. ? Different answers for the same question asked by various people Confucius’s Teaching Method (A ) ? Zilu子路 (also named Yu) asked, ―Should one immediately put into practice what one has heard?‖(聞斯行諸 ?) The Master said, ―As your father and elder brothers are still alive, you are hardly in a position immediately to put into practice what you have heard.‖(有父兄在 ,如之何聞斯行之 ?) ? Janyu冉有 (also named Chiu) asked, ―Should one immediately put into practice what one has heard?‖ The Master said, ―Yes. One should.‖…( 聞斯行乞 ) Confucius’s Teaching Method (A ) ? Konghsihwa公西華 said, ―When Yu asked whether one should immediate put into practice what one had heard, you pointed out that his father and elder brothers were alive. Yet when Chiu asked whether one should immediately put into practice what one had heard, you answered that one should. I am puzzled. May I be enlightened?‖ Confucius’s Teaching Method (A ) ? The Master said, ―Chiu holds himself back. It is for this reason that I tried to urge him on. Yu has the drive of two men. It is for this reason that I tried to hold him back.‖(求也退 ,故進(jìn)之 。由也兼人 ,故退之 ) Confucius’s Teaching Method: on Filial Piety 孝 ? (A ) Mengwupo孟武伯 asked about being filial. The Master said, ―Give your father and mother no cause for anxiety other than illness.‖(父母唯其疾之憂 ) ? (A ) Ziyu子游 asked about being filial. The Master said, ―Nowadays for a man to be filial means no more than that he is able to provide his parents with food. Even hounds and horses are, in some way, provided with food. If a man shows no reverence, where is the difference?‖(今之孝者 ,是謂能養(yǎng) .至於犬馬 ,皆能有養(yǎng) 。不敬 ,何以別乎 ?) Confucius’s Teaching Method on Filial Piety 孝 ? (A ) Zihsia子夏 asked about being filial. The Master said, ―What is difficult to manage is the expression on one‘s face. As for the young taking on the burden when there is work to be done or letting the old enjoy the wine and the food when these are available, that hardly deserves to be called filial.‖(色難 .有事 ,弟子服其勞 。有酒食 ,先生饌 ,曾是以為孝乎 ?