【導讀】系統(tǒng)語法的目標是要說明語言作為系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)部底層關(guān)系，成的系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，又稱"意義潛勢"。―transitivity‖and―voice‖.境成分來反映語言的概念功能。

　　

【正文】 supposed to know that. 3. 形容詞 I am anxious to help him. The textual metafunction The textual metafunction creates discourse The textual function refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text and make a living passage different from a random list of sentences. Theme vs. Rheme Cohesion Theme vs. Rheme Theme the starting point of the message. first constituent in the clause Simple theme (單項主位：只包括表示概念意義的成分） The boy In a small house near the beach Give that teapot away gave the teacher his homework. a woman stood out in the rain. if you don’t like it Theme Rheme Multiple Themes（ 復項主位：除了概念意義，還包括表示語篇意義和人際意義的成分） Well, But Certainly surely Sanity the course is a precarious state. starts tomorrow. Textual Interpersonal Experiential THEME RHEME Theme Choice in the NonDeclarative WhQuestions ? What happened to her? Yes/No Questions ? Did he tell you where I was? Imperative ? Don’t cry about it. ? Have a cup of tea. ? Let’s have a look at this recipe Exclamative ? What a nice plant you’ve got! ? How nice Helen is! Unmarked (Theme = Subject): a. The two Indians stood waiting. b. The Indian who was rowing them was working very hard. c. But I will have some photographs taken. d. There was no need of that. Marked (Theme ≠Subject): a. Across the bay they found the other boat. b. In February 1979 he was awarded the Gee Cross posthumously. c. And when you get down there you find he hasn’t actually got any. d. That I don’t know. Unmarked vs. Marked Cohesion Grammatical cohesion: reference, ellipsis, substitution, conjunction. Lexical cohesion: repetition, synonymy/ antonymy, hyponymy/meronymy, collocation 1. Reference: (人稱代詞，指示代詞，比較詞語如 more, other等） John works in the Department of English. He teaches linguistics. John has passed the exam. This is what I have been told. This is no good. I’d like to have the other one. 2. Ellipsis (省略交際雙方可根據(jù)上下文填補的成分 ) My father planned and my brother built all these houses. How old are you, boy? —— Seven, sir. Substitution (用一個簡單成分替代另一個成分） Has John passed the exam? —— I think so. I have lost my watch. —— Get a new one. Conjunction (通過連接成分體現(xiàn)語篇中各種邏輯關(guān)系，如 and, but, because, therefore, however) Repetition Gentlemen may cry peace, peace — but there’s no peace. The journey which has brought me to Peking has been a very long one. Long when measured in miles. Long when measured in time. synonymy/ antonymy Everyone cheered. The leader acknowledge the applause. He fell asleep. What woke him was a loud crash. hyponymy/meronymy After an hour or so— the sun was rapidly sinking, the white clouds had turned red, the hills were violet, the woods purple, the valleys black. A big tree with a thick trunk and outspread branches was nearby. Collocation Shake your chains to earth like dew which in sleep have fallen on you!