【正文】 efore our eyes. Only when behavior deviates from the normal does it attract attention. The good neighbor, the conscientious citizen, the kind father and faithful husband pass unnoticed. But the murderer, robber or wife beater is singled out for ublicity, because such conduct is unusual.8人們想當然地認為人類是偉大和高尚的，盡管他的過錯和弱點不斷地暴露在我們面前。只有當人類行為偏離常規(guī)時才會引起人們的注意。人們對好鄰居、良民、慈父和貞夫視而不見，但殺人犯、搶劫犯或毆打妻子的人卻成為公眾矚目的焦點。因為這些行為非同尋常。9 Man39。s inherent goodness, moreover, is revealed by his countless acts of heroism, unselfishness and sacrifice. Daily one reads of men saving others at the peril of theirown lives. One plunges into the surf and rescues a swimmer from drowning。 anotherdashes into a burning house and carries a stranger to safety。 others snatch a child fromthe wheels of death。 many give their blood so that others may live. Countless unnamed and unrecorded men have given their lives for their fellowmen, not only on the battlefront but on the home front as well.9人類固有的優(yōu)點還體現(xiàn)在不計其數(shù)的英雄主義行為、充滿無私和犧牲精神的舉動上，每天我們都會讀到人們冒著生命危險挽救他人生命的事跡：有人躍入水中拯救溺水的泳者；有人沖進火場將陌生人帶出險境；有人從死亡的車輪下救出孩子；許多人獻出鮮血使他人生命得以延續(xù)。數(shù)不勝數(shù)的不知姓名、不被記載的人們，不僅在戰(zhàn)場上，而且還在戰(zhàn)爭的大后方，為了他們的同胞獻出了生命。10Human nature does not and cannot change but unfolds its inherent pattern. Man has a nature and its laws can be known. We can only endeavor to understand man as he is.10人性不會也不能改變，它只展現(xiàn)它固有的模式。它有天性而且這種天性的規(guī)律是可知的。我們只能盡力去了解人類的真實面貌。14 Eventually, politicians may rediscover housing—not as an urban poverty issue, but as a middleclass qualityoflife issue, like gas prices or health care. Home ownership is often described as the American dream, but these days many workers would settle for a decent rental that won39。t bankrupt their families.14最終，政治家可能重新發(fā)現(xiàn)住房問題不是一個城市貧困問題，而是一個中產(chǎn)階級的生活質(zhì)量問題，正如燃油價格或醫(yī)療保健一樣。居者有其屋通常被稱為是美國夢，但如今許多勞動者為了使他們的家人不至于破產(chǎn)，寧愿租一所體面的房子居住。Unit TenACADEMY IN TIMES OF CRISIS普林斯頓大學校長在其任職演說中提到：與接受高等教育這項權(quán)利相伴的是各種義務(wù)。危機時代，大學該扮演的角色雪莉M．泰夫曼1 Today the academy holds a highly privileged place in American society because of a about the longstanding national consensus about the value of education. One of my predecessors, President Harold Dodds, said in his inaugural address in 1933 that No country spends money for education, public or private, so lavishly as does the United States. Americans have an almost childlike faith in what formal education can do for them. That faith is based on a conviction that the vitality of the United States, its creative and diverse cultural life, its is national security and the robustness of its democratic institutions owe much to the quality of institutions of higher education.1今天，由于長期以來美國人對教育價值的共識，大學在美國社會中占有得天獨厚的地位。一位前任校長哈羅德多茲1933年在就職演說中曾提到，“沒有哪個國家像美國這樣，不論對公立教育還是私立教育的投入都是如此地慷慨大方。美國人民對正規(guī)教育所能起到的作用抱有一種近乎天真的信念。”這一信念是在這樣一個深信不疑的基礎(chǔ)上確立的，即美國的活力、它富有創(chuàng)造性和多樣化的文化生活、它具有驚人獨創(chuàng)力的經(jīng)濟、它的國家安全以及它健全的民主制度——極大地依賴于其高等教育機構(gòu)的質(zhì)量。2 Our society’s confidence in its institutions of higher education is expressed through the generous investments of the federal and state government in basic and applied research, investment that wisely couple support for research with support for graduate education. It is also expresses through federal and state investments that subsidize the cost of higher education for those who cannot afford to pay, investments by private foundations and charities who see collegesand universities as the best routes for achieving their strategic goals, and investments by individuals and by the private sector, who see universities as the incubators of future health and prosperity. In return for this broad support, society rightfully expects certain things from us. It expects the generation of new ideas and the discovery of new knowledge, the exploration of plex issues in an open and collegial manner and the preparation of the next generation of citizens and leaders. In times of trouble, it is especially important that we live up to these expectations.2我國社會對高等教育機構(gòu)的信心通過以下幾點表現(xiàn)出來：聯(lián)邦政府和州政府對基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用研究給予大量投資，這些投資明智地將對研究的支持與對研究生教育的支持結(jié)合起來；聯(lián)邦政府和州政府對無力負擔高等教育學費的學生給予資助；一些私人基金會和慈善機構(gòu)給予投資，他們認為高等院校是達成其戰(zhàn)略目標的最佳途徑；一些個人和私人部門給予投資，他們認為高等院校是未來健康發(fā)展和富裕繁榮的孵化器。社會當然期望我們能有所作為以回報這種廣泛的支持。社會期望我們產(chǎn)生新思想，開發(fā)新知識，以一種開放和共同協(xié)作的方式探索復雜的問題，培養(yǎng)未來一代公民和領(lǐng)導者。當處于困境的時候，我們不辜負這些期望就尤為重要。3 The medieval image of the university as an ivory tower, with scholars turned inward in solitary contemplation, immunized from the cares of the day, is an image that has been superseded by the modern university constructed not of ivory, but of a highly porous material, one that allows free diffusion in both directions. The academy is of the world, not apart from it. Its ideals, crafted over many generations, are meant to suffuse the national consciousness. Its scholars and teachers are meant to move in and out of the academy in pursuit of opportunities to use their expertise in public service, in pursuit of creative work that will give us illumination and insight and in pursuit of ways to turn laboratory discoveries into useful things. Our students engage the world with a strong sense of civic responsibility, and when they graduate they bee alumni who do the same. This is as it should be.3中世紀大學的形象是一座象牙塔，學者們遠離社會進行孤獨的沉思，不關(guān)心窗外之事——這一形象已被現(xiàn)代大學所取代——現(xiàn)代大學不是象牙構(gòu)筑的，而是高度開放的機構(gòu)，允許內(nèi)外自由交流。高校是屬于社會的，而不是游離于社會之外的。高校的理想，經(jīng)由多少代人的鑄造，旨在滲入國民意識之中。學者和教師必定要周旋于學院內(nèi)外以尋覓運用他們的才能為公眾服務(wù)的機會，尋覓能給我們帶來啟發(fā)和見識的創(chuàng)造性工作，尋覓把實驗室的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)化為實際應(yīng)用的途徑。我們的學生在從事社會活動時懷有一種強烈的公民責任意識，并且當他們畢業(yè)若干年后成為老校友時仍然會這樣做。這些都是理所當然的。4 The search for new ideas and knowledge is not and cannot be motivated by utilitarian concerns. Rather it depends on the ability to think in new and creative ways. When the Nobel laureate John Nash developed the mathematical concepts underlying non cooperative game theory8 as a graduate student at Princeton, he could not foresee that those concepts would be used today to analyze election strategies and the causes of war and to make predictions about how people will act. When Professor of Molecular Biology Eric Wieschaus39。 set out as a young scientist to identify genes that pattern the body plan of the fruit fly embryo, he could not know that he would identify