【正文】 單、復(fù)數(shù)形式要特別記憶：man—men, woman—women, child—children, foot—feet, tooth—teeth(2)　單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞：fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese(3) 常用復(fù)數(shù)形的名詞：trousers, shoes, glasses(4) 只有復(fù)數(shù)形的名詞：thanks, clothes(5) 單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞：people, police(6) 有生命的名詞所有格形式：單數(shù)名詞加’s，復(fù)數(shù)名詞加s’，不是以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞加’s，如： children’sroom(7) 無生命的名詞所有格用of結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)：如： the capital of China(8) 表示并列名詞各自所有，在各名詞詞尾加’s：如： Tom’s and Mary’s bikes (兩人各自的自行車)(9) 表示并列名詞共同所有，則在后一個(gè)名詞的詞尾加’s：　如： Tom and Mary’s mother (即Tom與Mary是兄妹)(10) 關(guān)于時(shí)間、距離、長度、重量、價(jià)格的所有格：如： ten minutes’ walk, ten miles’ journey， a boat’s length， two pounds’ weight, ten dollars’ worth(11) 雙重所有格：a friend of my father’s２． 形容詞與副詞(1) 原級，比較級，最高級詞形變化：① ［單元音＋單輔音］的單音節(jié)詞fat—fatter—fattestthin—thinner—thinnesthot—hotter—hottestbig—bigger—biggest② 以ｙ結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞easy—easier—easiestheavy—heavier—heaviestpretty—prettier—prettiest③ 劣級比較ｌｅｓｓ＋形容詞／副詞原級＋ｔｈａｎ例： She is less beautiful than Mary.④ 兩者之間用比較級，在比較級前加定冠詞，三者以上用最高級例： He is the taller of the two.She is the best player of the three.⑤ 越……越……的表達(dá)法例： The days are getting hotter and hotter.The more you study, the more you learn.⑥ 修飾比較級的詞有：much, by far, even, a little, a great deal…例： She is much better now.　切記不要用比較級來修飾比較級。３．　連詞(1)　動(dòng)詞與*近的主語一致：這樣的連詞有： or, either…or, neither…nor， not only…but also。(2) ｏｒ的用法：① 作或者講例： You or your friend has to go to the teachers’ office.② 作否則講例： Hurry up, or you will be late for school.(3) ａｎｄ與ｂｕｔ：例： He has no money and he is poor.　　　He is poor but he is honest.４．　介詞(1)　表示時(shí)間：at: 表示某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)如： at noonon: 表示特定的日子如： on Christmasin: 表示一段不具體的時(shí)間如： in the morning， in the Second world war如表示在某一特定的早上、下午則用on如： on a cold morning, on a hot afternoon, on Sunday morningduring: 表示期間內(nèi)的某個(gè)時(shí)期如: during the night, during the Second World Warfor: 其后接表示一段時(shí)間長度的詞如： for three daysthrough: 表示在整個(gè)期間沒有間歇例： It snowed through the night.till/until: 表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)的終點(diǎn)例：I studied hard till twelve o’clock last night.by: 表示動(dòng)作完成期限例： I’ll be back by five o’clock.since: 表示某動(dòng)作的起始點(diǎn)例：I have studied English since １９９０．(2) 表示地點(diǎn)：at: 表示較小的地點(diǎn)如： arrived at the school gatein: 表示較大的地點(diǎn)如： arrived in Shanghaifor: 表示目的地例： I’ll leave for Shanghai.above: 表示上面，上方，其反意詞是belowover: 表示垂直上方，其反意詞是under例： The dog jumped over the table.through: 表示穿過如： through the forestacross: 表示平原上的跨越例： I want to walk across the road.初中英語語法５．　動(dòng)詞(1) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：① 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的主要用法有兩點(diǎn)：其一表示一經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如： I always go to school at seven. 其二表示某一真理，事實(shí)，如： The earth moves around the sun.② 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法有兩點(diǎn)：其一表示某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去，并持續(xù)下來，到現(xiàn)在完成。如： I have studied English for two years. 其二表示某動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去并已結(jié)束，但其影響到現(xiàn)在。如： I haven’t had my lunch. I’m hungry now.與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的詞語有：yet, already, before, since, ever, never等。其考查要點(diǎn)：其一： Have been表示曾經(jīng)去過，如：I have been to America twice. 說此話的人應(yīng)已經(jīng)回到國內(nèi)。而He has gone to 。其二：截止性動(dòng)詞可以有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但不可與表示一段長度的詞連用，如： The class has begun. The class has been on for five minutes.③ 一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，過去的習(xí)慣或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如： Who broke the window? In those days, I studied hard at night every day. 與過去時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有： at that time, ago, in １９４９，　just now (剛才)， last night, yesterday④ 一般將來時(shí)本篇文章來源于 外語愛好者網(wǎng)站() 轉(zhuǎn)載請以鏈接形式注明出處 網(wǎng)址：初中英語語法純將來時(shí)的表示法： shall/will＋動(dòng)詞原形例： I’ll leave for Shanghai this evening.表示按計(jì)劃要做或可能做的事： be going to＋動(dòng)詞原形例： I’m going to help you tonight.將來時(shí)的特殊表示法ａ. be+ing/leaving/going/starting/arriving例： Don’t worry. I’m ing.ｂ. be about to＋動(dòng)詞原形例： He is about to leave, when the telephone rings.ｃ. 狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來例： If it rains tomorrow I won’t go to the party.(2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：ｃａｎ： 能，會(huì)例： He can do it very well.ｍａｙ：　許可，可能性例： May I use your pen?ｍｕｓｔ：　必要，禁止(多表示主觀看法)例： You mustn’t play with fire.ｈａｖｅ?。簦铮骸〔坏貌?多表示客觀之事)例： I have to go, because I have a meeting.ｃｏｕｌｄ與ｗｏｕｌｄ：二者用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示語氣的委婉例： Could you help me?６．句型(1) 賓語從句：由疑問代詞或副詞引出的賓語從句例： Could you tell me where the post office is?Could you tell me what he said? (what作said的賓語)由that引出的賓語從句例： They said that they would give me some help. (that 僅作引導(dǎo)詞)　賓語從句中的疑問句要用陳述語序。例： He asked when we would leave home.(2) 狀語從句：狀語從句可包括：時(shí)間／地點(diǎn)／原因／結(jié)果／目的等狀語從句。例：I will e when I am free.　　I’m late because my bike is broken.　　He went so early that he got a good seat.　　She studied hard so that she would pass the exam.　狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。例： If it rains tomorrow I shall not go to the cinema.　表示在一長動(dòng)作進(jìn)行過程中某一動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生則長動(dòng)作要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而突發(fā)性動(dòng)作要用一般時(shí)態(tài)。例： When I’m reading a book， the telephone rings.(3) 反意疑問句例： She can swim across the river, can’t she?It’s a fine day， isn’t it?Marry needs to have a rest, doesn’t she?You have nothing to do, do you?He seldom does homework， does he?Don’t open the door， will you?Open the door please， will you?Let us have a rest， will you?Let’s go, shall we?(4) 感嘆句：例．　What a hot day it is！How hot the weather is！７．　不定式(1) 不定式在句中作賓語，狀語：例： It has begun to rain.I want to go to the cinema.(2) 不定式與疑問詞連用：例： I want to know how to work.I want to know what to do.(3) 不定式的否定句：例： He told me not to do it.④　省略to的不定式：例： I saw him e this morning.　這樣的動(dòng)詞有see, hear, watch等感官動(dòng)詞，及have(作讓、使講) make, let.15