【正文】 你。 (3) 提出勸告或建議。如：You’d better ask your father first. 你最好先問一問你的父親。You should make a full investigation of it first. 你應(yīng)該先全面調(diào)查一番。(4) 提出問題。如：Do you think he could get here on time? 你認(rèn)為他能按時(shí)來嗎？Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他會(huì)告訴我們真相嗎？(5) 表示對(duì)過去情況的責(zé)備時(shí)，常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + 過去分詞”。如：You should have got here earlier. 你應(yīng)該早就到這里了。You should have returned it to him. 你應(yīng)該把他還給他了。一、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句所謂錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句即條件從句與主句所指時(shí)間不一致，如從句指過去，而主句即指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，此時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語境情況，結(jié)合上面提到的三種基本類型對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：If you’d listened to me, you wouldn39。t be in such trouble now. 如果你聽了我的話，你現(xiàn)在也不會(huì)有這樣的麻煩了。二、含蓄虛擬條件句所謂含蓄虛擬條件句即指將條件從句隱藏在上下文一定的短語中的一類條件句。如：To hear him talk，you39。d think he was Prime Minister. 聽他講話你會(huì)以為他是首相。Without your help，I couldn39。t have achieved all this. 要不是有你幫助，我不會(huì)取得這些成就。三、連用虛擬語氣的幾個(gè)固定表達(dá)有三個(gè)表示“若不是”、“要不是”的表達(dá)，它們總是連用虛擬語氣，它們是 but for, if it were not for, it it hadn’t been for。如：But for your help we would have been late. 幸虧你幫忙，要不我們就遲到了。If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是沒有水植物就無法生長(zhǎng)。If it hadn’t been for your help, we wouldn’t have succeeded. 要不是有你幫忙，我們是不會(huì)成功的。四、虛擬語氣的省略與倒裝有時(shí)可將條件從句的連詞 if 省略，而將從句中的were, should, had 等提到句首。如：Were it not for your help, I wouldn39。t be doing so well. 若不是你幫忙，我現(xiàn)在不會(huì)干得這樣好。Had I been there, I would have asked her the question. 如果我在那里，我就會(huì)問她這個(gè)問題。虛擬語氣典型考題10例1. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present. ” “It’s time you ________. ”A. Do B. did C. had D. would2. “I’ve told everyone about it. ” “Oh, I’d rather you ________. ”A. Don’t B. hadn’t C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t3. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we ________ there by tomorrow. A. can’t get B. won’t get C. hadn’t got D. wouldn’t get4. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ________ something she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ________ badly wounded and that he ________ at once. A. should be。 be operated on B. were。 must be operated onC. was。 should be operated D. was。 be operated on6. I forget where I read the article, or I ________ it to you now. A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing 7. —Why didn’t you go to yesterday’s meeting?—I would have but I ________ too busy working on the important experiment.A. had been B. was C. were D. am8.—Don’t you think it necessary that he ________ to Miami but to New York?— I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to.A. will not be sent。 that B. not be sent。 thatC. should not be sent。 what D. should not send。 what9. The workers will go on strike if the demands they ________ put forward are turned down. A. could B. would C. 不填 D. had10. ________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be答案與解析:1. B。It’s time you did 為 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英語語法，it’s time 后從句通常要用過去式。2. B。I’d rather 后接從句時(shí)，從句謂語的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)律是：用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，用過去完成式表示過去。3. A。we can’t get there by tomorrow 為客觀事實(shí)，故宜用陳述語氣。4. D otherwise 在此相當(dāng)于 if she had not walked away from the discussion，即暗示一個(gè)與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句。5. D。insisted 接第一個(gè)賓語從句，表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為(是怎么回事)”，用陳述語氣；接第二個(gè)賓語從句，表示“堅(jiān)決要求(做某事)”，用虛擬語氣。6. B。根據(jù)上文的語境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個(gè)虛擬的條件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article（要是我沒忘記我在哪兒讀過這篇文章的話——但事實(shí)上忘了）。7. B。易受前面虛擬語氣的影響而誤選A。實(shí)際上前面虛擬語氣的答語采用了省略形式。可補(bǔ)充為：I would have gone to yesterday’s meeting if I hadn’t been too busy. 所以be too busy是過去的一種實(shí)際情況，并不是虛擬的情況。故填空處用陳述語氣。8. B。因?yàn)閚ecessary后的從句要用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”，排除選項(xiàng)A。 因he與send是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，send要用被動(dòng)式，排除選項(xiàng)D。 答句中的表語從句中不缺任何句子成分，用that。值得說明的是，refuse to后省略了be sent to New York。9. C。they put forward為修飾名詞demands的定語從句，按英語語法，當(dāng)demand用作動(dòng)詞后接賓語從句，或用作名詞后接定語從句或同位語從句時(shí)，從句謂語習(xí)慣上要用should+動(dòng)詞原形這樣的虛擬語氣，其中的should可以省略。10. B。Should you be fired是由If you should be fired變來的，又如：Should you require (=If you should require) anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么，可以給我打電話24 / 24