【正文】 s ‘electrodialysis’ (ED)（電滲析） in which ionexchange membranes are used. In that case, the porous membrane acts as a contactor and the separation is achieved with respect to the difference between the mass flow rates of the species. Electrophoretic membrane contactor was developed for the separation of binary mixture of proteins by using ionexchange and ultrafilter membranes. , , membrane technologies for protein separation A bination of different membrane processes gives interesting benefits, which cannot be achieve by single membrane operation. The possibility of redesigning overall industrial production by the integration of various already developed membrane operations is being of particular interest. The largest membrane area was installed in the dairy industry. It has been estimated 2,000,000 m2 membrane area were installed for the fractionation of milk and whey. , Membrane process for food and dairy industry Milk and dairy industry The integration of membranes has been implemented throughout the milk and dairy processing chainsmilk reception,cheese making, whey protein concentration, fractionation of protein hydrolysates, waste stream purification and effluents recycling and Treatment. Food and beverage industries Recent industrial applications have been developed for fruit, vegetable and sugar juices and beverages (vegetable proteins, beer, and wine). Further integration of membrane operations were designed in such a way that at each processing step, end products, coproducts and wastes are given even attention. , Membrane process for food and dairy industry , Membrane process ?Removal of bacteria and spores from skim milk (cold pasteurization) ?MF reduces the amount of bacteria, spores without affecting the taste of milk, and provides longer shelf life than the production of consumption milk with extended shelf life（保質(zhì)期） ,this method can be used as pretreatment of skim milk（脫脂牛奶） for the production of raw milk cheeses and the reduction of spores in acid cheese milk. ?A recent development is the microsieves, which was made with micromachining microsieves, a high reduction of bacteria can be achieved at low transmembrane pressure, since these membranes have very high , the use of microsieves seems very promising. , Recovery of serum proteins and cheese production During cheese production, the milk is coagulated by precipitation of the milk ultrafilter membranes are fully retentive for whey protein to remove lactose and minerals. Whey（乳漿） contains most of the dissolved salts and sugars present in the original milk and about 25%of the original protein. Initially whey was discharged to the sewer because its high salt and lactose content makes direct use as a food supplement difficult. , The objective of the UF step is to concentrate the protein as much as possible to minimize evaporatordrying cost and simultaneously remove the lactose（乳糖） . , Recently, crossflow MF has been used to separate cells in continuous fermentation processes for a successful lactic acid recovery approach. Recovery of heterogeneous immunoglobulin (IgG) from transgenic goat milk by MF. Recovery of naturally glycosylated therapeutic proteins produced from animal cell cultures by MF. Recovery and purification of yeast alcohol dehydrogenease (ADH) from bakers39。 yeast for the extraction of an intracellular enzyme product. Biotechnology industry , Since long it has been an integral part of biotechnology processes, the well known examples are MF and UF, which have bee routine methods for protein separation/ fractionation. The development of membrane chromatography, HPTFF and electrophoretic membrane contactor enable for the plete purification/separation of proteins using membrane systems. Future trends of membranes in biotechnology will be driven by higher selectivity, lower cost of production, and enhanced membrane throughput. New applications : membrane biosensors and molecularly imprinted polymeric membranes , 6. Conclusions