緒論生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育兒童保健-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-01-19 02:46本頁(yè)面
【正文】 ht bearing on legs Not reaching out for toys Not fixing on small objects Not vocalizing 10 months Unable to sit unsupported 1 year Showing a hand preference Not responding to own name 18 months Not walking No pincer grip Persistence of casting 3 years Inaccurate use of a spoon Not speaking in sentences Unable to understand simple mands Unable to use the toilet alone Not interacting with other children Never Reflex Development (Ⅰ ) Appears at birth and never disappears Corneal reflex (角膜反射 ) Conjunctival reflex (結(jié)膜反射 ) Papillary reflex (瞳孔反射 ) Pharyngeal reflex (吞咽反射 ) Never Reflex Development (Ⅱ ) Appears at birth but disappears at 3 ~ 4 months Rooting reflex （覓食反射） Sucking reflex （吸吮反射） Grasping reflex （握持反射） Embrace reflex （擁抱反射） Never Reflex Development (Ⅲ ) Not exist at birth but appears gradually and be stable at 1 year Abdominal reflex（腹壁反射） Cremasteric reflex（提睪反射） Tendon jerk（腱反射） Pathologic Reflex 4 months Kernig sign (+) 2 years Barbinski sign(+) The Song of Growth and Development 一哭二笑三伊呀 四月哈哈望媽媽 五抓六坐握足玩 七翻八爬九叫爸 十站對(duì)指十二走 看圖說話在十八 兩歲能用勺吃飯 喜怒分明命令發(fā) 三歲學(xué)穿鞋和襪 長(zhǎng)成大娃別嬌他 ? Beginning of the cognition process ? Alternative reactions to environment and stimulation ? Unconscious attention ? Conscious attention ? The stability of the attention ? Nerve action process that depositing and ―reading out‖ the information ? Feeling memory Temporary memory repeated recognition repeated reproduce ? Mechanical memory Conscious memory Logical memory Long term memor ? Abilities of understanding, memory and prehensive analysis ? Key to the intelligence action ? Concrete thinking of images ? Abstract thinking of logic and generalization ? Imagination Formation of figures that never existed or only arise in the future ? 1 to 2 years old: nascent period ? 3 years old: unconscious imagination ? preschool period: conscious and creative imagination ? Objective expressions and subjective reflections to scenes or sense ? Positive mood Negative mood ? Experiences of the relation between humans and objects on the basis of mood ? Emotion of trust, safety, friendship and honor ? Psychological actions to the environment ? Thinking ways Mood response Action style ? Interesting Ability Character Temperament ? Stable, frequent personality and psychology characteristic ? Formed in post natal period ? Comparative stability ? First formed character after birth, which is always evident and stable ? Very important to infants in their mood and sociability improvement ? Easy child Difficult child Slow warmup child( 啟動(dòng)緩慢） Intermediate type ? Psychological process of conquering difficulties and reaching expected aims ? Positive will: conscious, perseverance, consciously resolute, good continence ? Negative will: reliance, bigotry, impulse ? Democrat Independent, Brave, Intelligent, sociable ? Strict—Cruel, Stubborn, Lack of confidence ? Spoil—Cocky, Selfish, Headstrong, Lack of ability in living alone ? Different education patterns—Try to please both sides, Opportunistic, Lying Psychological Disorders Developmental–Behavioral Problems (發(fā)育行為問題） ?Breath holding（屏氣發(fā)作） ?Biting thumb （咬指甲癖） ?Enuresis（遺尿） ?Children wipe legs syndrome（兒童擦腿綜合征） ?Defiance（違抗）、 Temper tantrums（發(fā)脾氣） ?Lying（說謊） ?Sleep disorders（睡眠障礙） ?Attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHA) (注意力缺陷多動(dòng)癥）
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