【導讀】Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolbjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnolgyhasgradualymatured,asmatureatechnolgylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocessing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fulofpoisonousgases,highradi

　　

【正文】 ，控制蔓延，積極治療病人，如實填表報告；發(fā)現(xiàn)有醫(yī)院 感染流行趨勢時，及時報告感染管理科，并協(xié)助調查。發(fā)現(xiàn)法定傳染病，按《傳染病防治法》的規(guī)定報告。 五、 參加預防、控制醫(yī)院感染知識的培訓。 六、 掌握自我防護知識，正確進行各項技術操作，預防銳器刺傷。 第三章 醫(yī)院感染知識培訓 第二十條 省衛(wèi)生行政部門應建立醫(yī)院感染管理專職人員崗位培訓制度，指定具有培訓能力的單位承擔本省醫(yī)院感染管理崗位培訓任務。培訓單位的師資和全國醫(yī)院感染監(jiān)控網單位的專職人員應經全國醫(yī)院感染監(jiān)控管理培訓基地培訓。 第二十一條 醫(yī)院繼續(xù) 教育 主管部門必須對各級管理和醫(yī)務、工勤人員進行預防、控制醫(yī)院感染知識的常規(guī)培訓。培訓內容包括：管理知識和專業(yè)知識。 管理知識包括：職業(yè)道德規(guī)范、醫(yī)院感染管理相關的法律、法規(guī)、規(guī)章、制度等，各類人員均必須掌握。 專業(yè)知識：應根據(jù)專業(yè) /職業(yè)的特點決定。各級管理人員應了解醫(yī)院感染管理工 作及理論的進展和本院、本管轄領域醫(yī)院感染管理的要點及相關管理知識；醫(yī)務人員 應掌握無菌技術操作規(guī)程、醫(yī)院感染診斷標準、抗感染藥物合理應 用、消毒藥械正確 使用和標準預防等相關知識；工勤人員應掌握預防、控制醫(yī)院感染的基礎衛(wèi)生學和相 關消毒藥械的正確使用等基本知識。 第二十二條 醫(yī)院必須對新上崗人員、進修生、實習生進行醫(yī)院感染知識的崗前培訓，時間不得少于 3 學時，考核合格后方可上崗。 第二十三條 醫(yī)務人員應參加預防、控制醫(yī)院感染相關知識的繼續(xù) 教育 課程和學術交流活動，醫(yī)院感染管理專職人員每年不少于 15 學時，其它管理與醫(yī)務人員每年不少于 6學時。 第四章 醫(yī)院感染的監(jiān)測 第一節(jié) 醫(yī)院感染病例監(jiān)測 第二十四條 醫(yī)院必須對病人開展醫(yī)院感染監(jiān)測，以掌握本院醫(yī)院感染發(fā)病率、多發(fā)部位、多發(fā)科室、高危因素、病原體特點及耐藥性等，為醫(yī)院感染控制提供科學依據(jù)。 第二十五條 醫(yī)院應采取前瞻性監(jiān)測方法進行全面綜合性監(jiān)測。 一、醫(yī)院感染管理科必須每月對監(jiān)測資料進行匯總、分析，每季度向院長、醫(yī)院感染管理委員會書面匯報，向全院醫(yī)務人員反饋，監(jiān)測資料應妥善保存。特殊情況及時匯報和反饋。 二、醫(yī)院應每年對監(jiān)測資料進行評估，開展 醫(yī)院感染的漏報調查，調查樣本量應不少于年監(jiān)測病人數(shù)的 10％，漏報率應低于 20％。 三、縣以上醫(yī)院和床位數(shù) 3300 張的其它醫(yī)院，應逐步開展監(jiān)測資料的計算機管理，對監(jiān)測資料進行趨勢分析。 第二十六條 醫(yī)院應在全面綜合性監(jiān)測的基礎上開展目標性監(jiān)測。 一、?。ㄊ校┘壱陨厢t(yī)院及其它有條件的醫(yī)院每年應開展 1～ 2項目標性監(jiān)測。 二、監(jiān)測目標應根據(jù)本院的特點、醫(yī)院感染的重點和難點決定。 三、縣以上醫(yī)院和床位數(shù) 3300 張的其它醫(yī)院，應對醫(yī)院感染病原體分布及其抗感染藥物的敏感性進行監(jiān)測。 四、每項目標監(jiān)測開展的 期限不應少于 1 年。 五、應定期對目標監(jiān)測資料進行分析、反饋，對其效果進行評價及提出改進措施；年終應有 總結 報告；監(jiān)測結束，應有終結報告。 第二十七條 100 張病床以下、 100～ 500 張病床、 500張病床以上的醫(yī)院醫(yī)院感染發(fā)病率應分別低于 7％、 8％和 10％；一類切口手術部位感染率應分別低于 1％、 ％和 ％。 第二節(jié) 消毒滅菌效果監(jiān)測 第二十八條 醫(yī)院必須對消毒、滅菌效果定期進行監(jiān)測。滅菌合格率必須達到 100％，不合格物品不得進入臨床使用部門。監(jiān)測方法見《醫(yī)院消毒技術規(guī)范》。 一、使用中的消毒劑、滅菌劑：應進行生物和化學監(jiān)測。生物監(jiān)測：消毒劑每季度一次，其細菌含量必須 100cfu/ml，不得檢出致病性微生物；滅菌劑每月監(jiān)測一次，不得檢出任何微生物?；瘜W監(jiān)測：應根據(jù)消毒、滅菌劑的性能定期監(jiān)測，如含氯消毒劑、過氧乙酸等應每日監(jiān)測，對戊二醛的監(jiān)測應每周不少于一次。 應同時對消毒、滅菌物品進行消毒、滅菌效果監(jiān)測，消毒物品不得檢出致病性微生物，滅菌物品不得檢出任何微生物。 M anipulator is now used as a indust rial r obot s in use, t he contr ol bj ectives of t en appear oft en in industr ial aut omation. I ndustr ial autom ation t echnol gy has gr adualy m at ur ed, as mat ur e a t echnol gy line has been r apid developm ent in industr ial aut omation as a separ at e subject . M anipulator application began t o f ilt er int o welding, logistics, mechanical pr ocessing, and ot her industr ies. Especially at high or very low t em per at ur es, f ul of poisonous gases, high r adiat ion case, r obot in sim ilar cir cum st ances showed gr eat use also br ings gr eat convenience t o t he st af . Pr ecisely because of t his r obot o get people39。s att ent ion began t o be a high degr ee of developm ent. Labor ates, wor king condit ions, labor int ensive aspects of pr om ot ing development. Bot h at hom e and abr oad t o develop t he PLC ( pr ogr ammable logic contr oler ) is in various pecial cir cum st ances and under special condit ions et f or m echanical devices. Now t urned on t he development of t he m icr oelect ronics autom atic cont rol t echnol gy and t he r apid development of t he t rains, t he success of PLC hardwar e sof tware and sim ulation contr ol win big and sucessf ul developm ent , now conti ues t o develop as a f act or y aut om ation st andar ds. Because r obot s ar e good evelopment of t he t echnology m akes a good optim ization of pr oductive capit al, and r obot shows t his unique advant ages, such as: has good patibilt y, wide availabilt y, har dware is plet e, and pr ogr amming t hat can be m ast er ed in a short tim e, so in t he cont ext of indust rial PLC applications becam e ubiquit ous. M anipulator in m any developed count ry agr icult ur e and industr y has been applied, such as t he use of mechanical har vest ing lar ge ar eas of armland, r epeat ed operations on t he high speed line t hat uses ar obotic arm, and so on. Today, t he high level of autom ation bined wit h r est rict ions on t he m anipulat or developm ent level is slight ly lower t han t he int er national. The design is m ainly arm welding m achine by PLC Aut om ation contr ol. This of design let designer s on in schol by lear n of has a must of consolidation, underst and has som e usualy didn39。t opport unit ies awar eness in wor ld r ange wit hin some leading level of knowledge has has m ust awar eness, hope designers can in yihou of design in t he can sucess of using in t his design in t he pr oceeds of exper ience manipulator in both at home and abroad of r esear ch profile aut omat ion mechanical ar m research began Yu 20th cent ur y m edium term, aft er years wit h wit h puter and aut omat ion t echnol gy of development , M akes m echanical ar m on t he Gr and stage of industr ial automation and shine, gradually became an industr ial evaluation standar ds, and it s im por tance can be seen. Now or ignal r obot ic arm spent most of m ass pr oduct ion and use on t he pr oduct ion line, which is pr ogrammed robot ic arm. As t he f ir st generation of manipulat or posit ion contr ol systems main features, alt hough not back several gener at ions t hat can detect t he ext ernal envir onment, but can stil successfuly plet e like welding, painting, delivery as well as f or m at er ials simple movements. Second gener at ion mechanical ar ms ar e equipped wit h sensors and m anipulator s have t he envir onment there is a certain amount of sense, when the mechanical ar m is t o use the program as a basis. Dif ference is t hat t he robot begand (SnCl2 HO),Adhyrociatsveu10mLjTp.+:5wg/fkx℃b3469Y8IG[N]WRFB℃7V anipulat or contr ol m ode and pr ogr amm able cont r oler s int r oduct ion 2. 1 Select discussion wit h m anipulat or cont r ol 2. 1. 1 classif ication of cont r ol r elays and iscr et e electr onic cir cuit can cont rol old indust rial equipment, but also m or e mon. M ainly t hese t wo r elat ively cheap and you can meet t he old fashioned, sim ple ( or sim ple) industr ial equipm ent . So he can see t hem now, however t hese t wo cont rol m odes ( r elay and discr ete elect ronic cir cuit