【正文】 生尋求優(yōu)勢超過同行。在一個尖銳的bookwritten風(fēng)格,掩蓋了它的depthpays特別注意大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)。一組心理電路告訴人們盡可能地消費:今天在這里的食物可能明天就沒了。其他更復(fù)雜的部件允許他們克制自己?，F(xiàn)代生活中,湯普森先生認為,是壓倒性的聰明的比特和過度刺激更原始的函數(shù),鼓勵過度放縱。Dopaminethe神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)desireplays相關(guān)的一個重要的角色:湯普森稱其―masterdrug‖。它能幫助人們?nèi)タ释氖虑?不再給他們帶來快樂。企業(yè)目標這樣的弱點,使用食品技術(shù)來捏造的甜點脂肪、鹽和糖。電腦游戲設(shè)計師測試他們的產(chǎn)品,以使他們unputdownable:之間的界線,網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲和在線賭博,他辯稱,越來越模糊。正如湯普森指出,誰能猜得到40年前,一塊辦公設(shè)備(個人電腦)會引誘人們犧牲自己的健康和福利玩嗎?可接受行為的限制也正在改變:酒杯變大,色情變得更加困難。簡而言之,都需要操作的情感和能力這么做的已經(jīng)保密。創(chuàng)新生產(chǎn)出了廉價的,強大的,健康的修復(fù)密切結(jié)盟曾經(jīng)享受的追求與理想的進化的目標(營養(yǎng)、社交和繁殖)?，F(xiàn)在他們火人早已結(jié)束的生物需要得到滿足。受制于進化尋求快樂,在那里我們找到它,我們現(xiàn)在是在一個環(huán)境amp。quot。侵襲了我們?nèi)韆mp。quot。獎勵,我們的身體并不需要,什么也不做,確保我們作為一個物種生存下來‖。反擊,稱,他認為,將要求人們恢復(fù)警覺,他們的狩獵采集祖先曾顯示在致命的風(fēng)險。但他們想嗎? 4. The American economy Comeback kid 美國經(jīng)濟東山再起【導(dǎo)讀】：俗話說，欠下的都是要還的。連續(xù)透支消費，高風(fēng)險投機等欲望最終導(dǎo)致危機發(fā)生。遭受經(jīng)濟危機重創(chuàng)的美國，現(xiàn)仍處于元氣恢復(fù)之中。不過危機之中亦有機遇，如谷歌，F(xiàn)acebook和蘋果創(chuàng)造的App經(jīng)濟在國內(nèi)外大放異彩；美元走軟的同時降低了貿(mào)易逆差；居高不下的油價孕育了利用―壓裂法‖提取頁巖氣公司的出現(xiàn)等等，都預(yù)示著美國經(jīng)濟的靈活性 10 之高。那，總統(tǒng)應(yīng)該做什么呢？請看下文America’s economy is once again reinventing itself美國經(jīng)濟要再次脫胎換骨Jul 14th 2012 | from the print edition ALMOST the only thing on which Barack Obama and Mitt Romney, his Republican challenger, agree is that the economy is in a bad way. Unemployment is stuck above 8% and growth probably slipped below an annualised 2% in the first half of this year. Ahead lie the threats of a euro breakup, a slowdown in China and the ―fiscal cliff‖, a withering yearend bination of tax increases and spending cuts. Mr Obama and Mr Romney disagree only on what would make things worse: reelecting a leftwing president who has regulated to death a private sector he neither likes nor understands。 or swapping him for a rapacious privateequity man bent on enriching the very people who caused the mess.America’s economy is certainly in a tender state. But the pessimism of the presidential slangingmatch misses something vital. Led by its inventive private sector, the economy is remaking itself (see article). Old weaknesses are being remedied and new strengths discovered, with an agility that has much to teach stagnant Europe and dirigiste Asia.Balance your imbalances都是要還的America’s sluggishness stems above all from precrisis excesses and the misshapen economy they created. Until 2008 growth relied too heavily on consumer spending and housebuying, both of them financed by foreign savings channelled through an undercapitalised financial system. Household debt, already nearly 100% of ine in 2000, reached 133% in 2007. Recoveries from debtdriven busts always take years, as households and banks repair their balancesheets.Nonetheless, in the past three years that repair has proceeded fast. America’s houses are now among the world’s most undervalued: 19% below fair value, according to our houseprice index. And because the Treasury and other regulators, unlike their eurozone counterparts, chose to confront the rot in their financial system quickly, American banks have had to write off debts and raise equity faster than their peers. (Citigroup alone has flushed through some $143 billion of loan losses。 no eurozone bank has set aside more than $30 billion.) American capital ratios are among 11 the world’s highest. And consumers have cut back, too: debts are now 114% of ine.New strengths have also been found. One is a more dynamic export sector. The weaker dollar helps explain why the trade deficit has shrunk from 6% of GDP in 2006 to about 4% today. But other, more permanent, shifts—especially the growth of a consuming class in emerging markets—augur well. On the campaign trail, both parties attack China as a currencyfiddling, rulebreaking supplier of cheap imports (see Lexington). But a richer China has bee the thirdlargest market for America’s exports, up 53% since 2007.And American exporters are changing. Some of the products—Boeing jets, Microsoft software and Hollywood films—are familiar. But there is a boom, too, in highvalue services (architecture, engineering and finance) and a growing ―app economy‖, nurtured by Facebook, Apple and Google, which employs more than 300,000 people。 its games, virtual merchandise and so on sell effortlessly across borders. Constrained by weakness at home and in Europe, even small panies are seeking a toehold in emerging markets. American manufacturers are recapturing some markets once lost to imports, and pioneering new processe