文體學(xué)introduction-資料下載頁(yè)
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【正文】 ion of the relationship that the language user has to the medium of munication. ? 人們常把媒介簡(jiǎn)單地分為 “ 講話 ” (speaking)和 “ 寫(xiě)作 ” (writing)兩種方式。 ? 講話可以是即興的也可以是非即興的。即興的講話非為 “ 會(huì)話 ” (conversing)和 “ 獨(dú)白 ” (monologue)。非即興的講話分為 “ 背誦 ” (reciting)和 “ 按照寫(xiě)好的講稿去講 ” (the speaking of what is written)。 ? 寫(xiě)作可以是 “ 為閱讀而寫(xiě) ” (如小說(shuō)、電話號(hào)碼簿等 ),也可以是 “ 為說(shuō)而寫(xiě) ” (如小說(shuō)中的對(duì)話或獨(dú)白 )。 Tenor of Discourse語(yǔ)旨 /話語(yǔ)基調(diào) ? 講話者或作者與受話者或讀者之間的關(guān)系，以及講話者的交際的意圖。 ? Tenor of discourse is the linguistic reflection of the personal relationships between speaker/writer and hearer/reader— called PERSONAL TENOR, and of what the user is trying to do with language for/to his or her addressee— called FUNCTIONAL TENOR. ? Personal tenor個(gè)人基調(diào) 人們之間關(guān)系的親密或正式程度 與語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的清晰度成反比 ? Functional tenor功能基調(diào) 反映語(yǔ)言在特定的情境所能實(shí)現(xiàn)的交際意圖，如傳授、勸說(shuō)、告誡、訓(xùn)導(dǎo)等。分為phatic(寒暄性 ) expositary(說(shuō)明性 ) persuasive(說(shuō)服性 ) didactic(說(shuō)教性 ) ? Godbye, Mr. Martin. ? See ya later, Mom! ? Okay, man, I gotta split. Which sentence is appropriate for a housewife to speak to a milkman? ? A. Leave one bottle and four yoghurts tomorrow and don’t fet. ? B. It would be greatly appreciated if you kindly leave one bottle and four yoghurts tomorrow. ? C. Would you leave one bottle and four yoghurts tomorrow, just for me? ? D. Can you leave one bottle and four yoghourts tomorrow please? ? a. is a mand, which sounds harsh, and a milkman now requires equal respect and wouldn’t tolerate the tone. ? b. formal and polite, and too humble. Nobody needs to beg for the service of a milkman. ? c. too intimate, making people doubt about the relationship. (coquettish, flirtatious) ? d. is proper. ? Dear Sir, ? I must apologize for the delay in replying to your letter of the 30th of December… ? (proper in the office) ? Dear Jane, ? I’m terribly sorry not to have got round to writing before now… ? (at home or writing to a friend) ? Dear Sir, ? I’m frightfully sorry I’ve not got round to writing before now… ? (mixture of the two registers, so not qualified.) ? Is this horrible place a graveyard? ? — “Is this place of abomination consecrated ground?” ? — “I don’t know nothing of consequential ground. ” (Charles Dickens, Bleak House) Several ways of asking about the time are listed below. Please identify the addresseraddressee relationship and the possible occasion on which each of them is used. 1. Excuse me, could you tell me the right time, please? 2. What time is it, please? 3. What’s the time? 4. Time? 5. How much longer have we got? 6. My watch seems to have stopped…
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