【正文】 to lay a trap for others. The egoism could be seen as the negative extreme of the humanism. The Marriage Concept of the HumanismEmilia, a supporting role, promotes the justice for Desdemona in the end. But in the play, there is a dialogue between Emilia and Desdemona. Emilia states her viewpoint about men, women and their family. Some scholars think this conversation is one of the most important ones in the play because it shows marriage concept of humanism. But I do think it is their husbands39。 faults if wives do fall: say that they slack their duties, and pour our treasures into foreign laps, or else break out in peevish jealousies, throwing restraint upon us。 or say they strike us, or scant our former having in despite。 why, we have galls, and though we have some grace, yet have we some revenge. Let husbands know their wives have sense like them: they see and smell and have their palates both for sweet and sour, as husbands have. What is it that they do, when they change us for others? Is it sport? I think it is: and doth affection breed it? I think it doth: is39。t frailty that thus errs? It is so too: and have not we affections. Desires for sport, and frailty, as men have? Then let them use us well: else let them know, the ills we do, their ills instruct us so.(Act IV, Scene 3)In this paragraph, Emilia expresses the following points: men and women should be equal with each other。 men should be responsible for their wives, or the women would take revenge for their husbands’ disloyalty. 蔣桂紅. 2008.《透過苔絲狄蒙娜與愛米莉婭看莎士比亞的女性觀》，瓊州學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，2008（08）When his husband threatens her at the end, “Be wise, and get you home”, she answers righteously, “I will not”. Although she is killed by Iago finally, her bravery would be admired by everyone. Based on the above analysis, we could say that Emilia presents the marriage concept of the humanism. The Influence of Humanism on the Bud of Feminism Through the analysis of the characters in Othello, we could feel strongly the features of humanism shown in different characters. So we can make sure that the ideology of the humanism plays an important role in characterization. Shakespeare’s writing career could be divided into three parts. In the first period, influenced by the lively social atmosphere, edy dominated his plays. But influenced by political environment, Shakespeare’s writing style in the second period begins to change. Tragedy is dominant in this period王莎烈. 2007. 《莎士比亞喜劇中的女性觀》[ J ] . 東北師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 2007 , (4) .. Othello of 1604 is pleted in the “second period” of Shakespeare’s writing career. It is also in the period of Renaissance. As the important part of Renaissance, humanism is opposite to theology in the Middle Ages. It calls on the people to regard individual wills or desires as the standard of everything. It also calls on the idea of “People first”, the center of humanism, which has had a great influence on later generations.So, the influence of humanism ought to be the main source of the bud of feminism in Othello. 3 The Influence of Traditions on Womenbelittling The Influence of Men’s Superiority and Women’s Inferiority In the period of Renaissance, the concept that “men’s superiority and women’s inferiority” is still accepted by the public, including Shakespeare. His own experience is a proof. At the age of 18, Shakespeare married a woman called Anna. But since he went to London to develop his career, he refused to bring his wife to London because in his view, he was the center of the family and he needn’t to take into account the feelings of his wife. Moreover, in his will, he didn’t allow his wife to inherit his property. 華全坤、洪增流、田朝緒著. 2007. 《莎士比亞新論——新世紀(jì)，新莎士比亞》.上海外語教育出版社Therefore although his plays contain the bud of feminism to a certain degree, he isn39。t willing to give his woman freedom and equality. In this context, it is not hard to understand why Othello is so powerful in the family and why Desdemona is so submissive to the husband. The Influence of Patriarchy Patriarchy had a long history in human society. In Othello, Desdemona pursues her love bravely regardless of the objection from the family. Shakespeare seems to support humanism. But considering the tragical ending of Desdemona, we could get another pletely different conclusion. If we pare another female role in Shakespeare’s play with Desdemona, we could know the author’s contradictory attitude easily. 花娟. 2010.《論莎士比亞悲喜劇中女性觀的一致性》，文教資料，2010（08）In the play named The Merchant of Venice, Portia accepts his father’s arrangement and gets a happy family at last. According to feminism, Desdemona seems to be more likely to have a happy marriage because she chooses her husband by herself, but unfortunately, the tragedy finally happens to her. Why does Shakespeare give these brave and free heroines a tragic ending? From the parison between two famous characters, we could know Shakespeare’s attitude towards patriarchy: submit to it, you’ll be happy, or you’ll die. So the influence of patriarchy could be seen as another factor of womenbelittling. The Complex of Hero WorshipLike many other writers in the Middle Ages, Shakespeare had the plex of hero worship too 華全坤、洪增流、田朝緒著. 2007. 《莎士比亞新論——新世紀(jì)，新莎士比亞》.上海外語教育出版社. In his plays, he likes to characterize main female roles as hero. In order to present the fascination of the hero better, Shakespeare usually arranges a charming woman to loves the hero so deeply that she would choose to be with the hero. Many female characters such as Ophelia and Desdemona are examples. To the heroes, their woman must be beautiful, loyal and pure and their woman would give up the life willingly for love.So in Shakespeare’s tragedies, most of these heroes’ lover always ends in tragedy, which seems to be a way to show the greatness of the heroes’ moral or to increase the tragic color. We could find the examples in many plays such as Hamlet and Coriolanus.Othello is the same. In the play, Othello is a hero wit