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陶小紅cirrhppt課件-資料下載頁

2025-01-15 16:17本頁面
  

【正文】 史 肝功能損害 門脈高壓 肝臟改變 化驗或特殊檢查 病理特點 鑒別診斷 伴肝大的其他疾病 伴脾大的其他疾病 伴腹水的其他疾病 與肝硬化并發(fā)癥相似的其他疾病 Childpugh分級 項目 1 2 3 肝性腦?。ㄆ冢? 無 12 34 腹水 無 易消退 難消退 膽紅素( μ mol/L) 34 3451 51 白蛋白( g/ L) ≥ 35 2835 ≤28 凝血酶原時間(秒 ) ≤14 1517 ≥18 注:根據(jù) 5項的總分判斷分級, A級 6 分, B級 79分,C級 10分。 Child Pugh Classification 治療 MANAGEMENT Treatment Liver damage from cirrhosis cannot be reversed, but treatment can stop or delay further progression and reduce plications. Treatment depends on the cause of cirrhosis and any plications a person is experiencing. Cirrhosis caused by alcohol abuse is treated by abstaining from alcohol. Treatment for hepatitisrelated cirrhosis involves medications used to treat the different types of hepatitis, such as interferon for viral hepatitis corticosteroids for autoimmune hepatitis. In all cases, regardless of the cause, following a healthy diet and avoiding alcohol are essential because the body needs all the nutrients it can get, and alcohol will only lead to more liver damage. Dietary changes that may be helpful: people with liver cirrhosis may be unable to tolerate normal amounts of dietary protein because the cirrhotic liver is less able to detoxify ammonia, a major product of protein digestion. Lifestyle changes that may be helpful: Avoidance of alcohol is strongly remended for people with liver cirrhosis. Alcohol is directly toxic to the liver. In people with alcoholinduced liver cirrhosis, even moderate alcohol consumption increases the risk of portal hypertension, a dangerous blood pressure abnormality in the liver’s circulation. 一、 一般治療 ( 1)臥床休息 bed rest 肝功能損害、黃疽、腹水、出血者。 ( 2)飲食 (DIAT)保證各種營養(yǎng)、進食易消化、富含蛋白質(zhì)、維生素及足夠熱量和適量脂肪的食物。戒酒! regardless of the cause, a healthy diet and avoiding alcohol ( 3)靜脈輸液 攝入不足者,補充熱量及營養(yǎng)。 二、 藥物治療 ( 1)維生素 ( 2)護肝藥物: 肝泰樂 水飛薊素 肌苷 易善復(fù) 三、脾功能亢進的治療 1.脾切除術(shù) 2.脾動脈栓塞術(shù) 四、腹水的治療 1.限制鈉、水的攝入 saltrestricted diet : 每日攝入鈉鹽 500~ 800mg(氯化鈉 1. 2~ 2. 0g);進水量1000ml左右, 2 .利尿劑 : 螺內(nèi)酯、呋塞米 usually bined with drugs called diuretics, which make the kidneys excrete more fluid in the urine. 3. 放腹水加輸注白蛋白 If the ascites makes breathing or eating difficult, the fluid may be removed through a needlea procedure called therapeutic paracentesis. Often, large amounts of albumin are lost from the blood into the abdominal fluid, so albumin may be administered intravenously. 4. 提高血漿膠體滲透壓 5. 腹水濃縮回輸 6. 腹腔 頸靜脈引流 ( Le Veen引流法) 7 .經(jīng)頸靜脈肝內(nèi)門體分流術(shù) ( trans jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, TIPS) 五、食管、胃靜脈曲張破裂出血的治療 1.一般性治療 2.生長抑素及其類似物:生長抑素 奧曲肽 3. 加壓素 : 垂體后葉素、 三甘氨酸賴氨酸加壓素 4.硝酸甘油:與血管加壓素共同使用。 5. 立止血、凝血酶類制 6.氣囊壓迫止血 Balloontube tamponade 食管靜脈曲張出血 內(nèi)鏡硬化治療 內(nèi)鏡裝有氣囊用以阻斷血液回流,保障硬化劑停留在曲張靜脈內(nèi)。 曲張靜脈 靜脈內(nèi)注射 靜脈旁注 射部位 內(nèi)鏡硬化治療,曲張靜脈內(nèi) +曲張靜脈旁。 內(nèi)鏡硬化治療 a b c 組織黏合劑治療胃底靜脈曲張 clotting agent a: 胃底靜脈曲張 b:注射組織黏合劑 c:治療 6個月后復(fù)查 內(nèi)鏡硬化治療 套扎 治療 rubberband ligation a b c 食管靜脈曲張?zhí)自委煛?A, b為皮圈套扎, c為尼龍圈套扎。 8. TIPS 9.外科治療 ? 斷流術(shù) ? 分流術(shù) 六、預(yù)防出血及預(yù)防再出血的治療 To reduce the risk of bleeding from esophageal varices, we may try to reduce the pressure in the portal vein. One way is to give propranolol, a drug used to treat high blood pressure. 1. β 受體阻滯劑 普奈洛爾(心得安) 2.硝酸酯制劑 硝酸異山梨酯、單硝酸異山梨酯 3.鈣通道拮抗劑 硝苯吡啶 七、其他并發(fā)癥的治療 原發(fā)性腹膜炎 肝性腦病 肝腎綜合征 八、 肝移植 .
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