【正文】 礎(chǔ)的生產(chǎn)性工 作正在消失。他們聲稱，產(chǎn)業(yè)工人正被一大群低工資的打工仔所代替。的確，生產(chǎn)性工作已經(jīng)減 少，有些生產(chǎn)性工作流向了茵外。也確實有一些低報酬的服務(wù)型工作巳經(jīng)有所增長。然而像廚師 和售貨員仍然僅占美國當(dāng)今勞工隊伍的1%。而且多年來發(fā)展最快的職業(yè)種類一直是“職業(yè)性的、 技術(shù)性的以及有關(guān)的工作”。這些工作的報酬高于平均工資，而它們大部分都在服務(wù)業(yè)?！　bout onehalf of consumer expenditures are for the purchase of services. Projections to the year 2000 indicate that services will attract an even larger share of consumer spending. A drawback of the service economy boom is that the prices of most services have been going up at a considerably faster rate than the prices of most tangible products. You are undoubtedly aware of this if you have had your car or TV set repaired, had your shoes halfsoled, or paid a medical bill in recent years. 消費開支大約有1/2是以購買服務(wù)為目的的。到2000年的規(guī)劃表明，服務(wù)業(yè)將吸引一個更大 的消費開支份額。服務(wù)型公司繁榮發(fā)展的一個缺點是，大部分服務(wù)的價格比大部分有形商品的價 格上漲要快得多。如果近年來你的汽車或彩電修理過，你的鞋子打過后掌或者你支付過醫(yī)藥費， 毫無疑問你會清楚這一點?！　hen we say that services account for close to onehalf of consumer expenditures, we still grossly understate the economic importance of services. These figures do not include the vast amounts spent for business services. By all indications, spending for business services has increased even more rapidly than spending for consumer services. 如果我們說服務(wù)幾乎占了消費開支的一半時，我們?nèi)匀粵]能充分表明服務(wù)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)重要性。 這些數(shù)字沒有包括大量的用于商業(yè)性服務(wù)的開支。根據(jù)所有的跡象來看，商業(yè)性服務(wù)的開支比消 費服務(wù)的開支增長得更快些。練習(xí)：　　1. The first paragraph intends to tell us that　　B. services are important. 第一段指明了文章的大意，即標(biāo)題表達(dá)的意思。因此B是明顯的答案?！　?. Between 1966 and 1986, the United States created about　　A. million service jobs. 通過計算便知。而選項BCD均是錯的。　　3. Many economists, business and labor leaders and politicians believe that　　B. most of the fast growth in the service sector is in lowpaying jobs. 從第三段的短語contrary to可看出B是正確的答案?！　?. The importance of services can be shown　　C. by money spent on business services as well as on consumer services. 主要根據(jù)最后一段的第一句和第二句：When we say that services account for close to onehalf of consumer expenditures, we still grossly understate …These figures do not include the vast amounts spent for business 。5. What does the writer of this passage disapprove of regarding services now?　　C. Their prices. 從倒數(shù)第二段可看出作者對價格上漲不滿。作者說，A drawback of the service economy boom is that the prices of most services have been going up at a considerably faster rate than the prices of most tangible products. You are undoubtedly aware of this if you have had your car or TV set repaired, had your shoes halfsoled, or paid a medical bill…因此C是正確的答案?！〉谌? The Cherokee Nation徹羅基部落　　Long before the white man came to the America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in What is now the southeastern part of the United States. 在白人到來之前的很長一段時間里，美洲這片土地是屬于美洲印第安部落的。徹羅基部落就 生活在現(xiàn)在美國的東南部地區(qū)?！　fter the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing was to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures. For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossiblethere were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using this own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper. 白人到來后，徹羅基人學(xué)習(xí)了他們的很多方法。一個叫賽史伊荷的徹羅基人看到了讀書、寫 字對白人的重要性。他決心創(chuàng)造一種方法來書寫口頭的徹羅基語言。他開始是制作單詞圖形，他 為每一個單詞都畫了圖。但事實證明那是行不通的——單詞太多了！接著他記下構(gòu)成這門語言的 85種聲音。根據(jù)自己的想象和英語拼讀書籍，他為每一個聲音創(chuàng)造了一個符號。他的字母表是極 其容易學(xué)的。不久徹羅基人知道了怎樣用他們自己的語言去讀、去寫。到1828年的時候，他們已 經(jīng)在印刷他們自己的報紙了。　　In 1830, the . Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries. It belonged to them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River? 1830年，美國議會通過了一條法令，它允許政府把印第安人從他們現(xiàn)在的土地上遷走。但徹 羅基人拒絕離開，他們已經(jīng)在這里生活了幾個世紀(jì)，這片土地是屬于他們的，為什么他們要到一 個遠(yuǎn)離密西西比河的陌生地方去？　　The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with their belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 had died. It was indeed a march of death. 軍隊被派來驅(qū)趕徹羅基人了，士兵包圍了他們的村莊，在槍口的威脅下，他們被押往西部地 區(qū)。病人、老人和孩子坐在運送物品的大車上，剩下的人則步行或騎馬。當(dāng)時正值11月份，可他 們中的好多人還穿著夏天的衣服。寒冷、饑餓，徹羅基人很快便被艱苦的行程折磨得精疲力竭， 好多人倒地而死被掩埋在路旁。當(dāng)1839年3月最后一批人被趕到他們的新家時，已經(jīng)死了 4000 多人。這實在是一次死亡之旅。練習(xí)：　　1. The Cherokee Nation used to live　　　B) in the southeastern part of the US. 答案可在第一段最后一句中找到。The nation of the Cherokees lived in whatis now the southeastern part of the United ，選項C和D指的是他們后來遷移至的地方?！　?. One of the ways that Sequoyah copied from the white man is the way of　　A) writing down the spoken language. 課文第二段講述的是Sequoyah從白人那里學(xué)到的是將口頭語言寫下來的方法，即運用字母符號記錄發(fā)音。選項B是用圖形表示單詞，選項C是教會人們?nèi)绾伍喿x，選項D是如何印刷報紙的方法，這些都不 準(zhǔn)確。因此選項A是正確答案?！　?. A law was passed in 1830 to　　C) Force the Cherokees to move westward. 本題詢問1930年通過的法律是什么內(nèi)容，選項A說讓徹羅基人留在他們原來的地方，這顯然是不對的；選項B說派軍隊去幫助徹羅基人，這與第四段中的“marched them at gunpoint”（用槍口威逼他們遷移）相矛盾，選項D說禁止徹羅基人閱讀報紙，這在課文中沒有提到。只有選項C“逼迫徹羅基人向西遷移”最符合文章內(nèi)容?！　?. When the Cherokees began to leave their lands.　　D) All of the above. 本題問徹羅基人是如何向西遷移的。文章第四段提到了有關(guān)內(nèi)容，病人、老人、小孩坐馬車，其余人步行，有些騎馬。因此選項（all of the above）最全面。5. Many Cherokees died on their way to their new home mainly because　　C) They did not have enough food and clothes. 眾多徹羅基人在往西遷移中喪生，其原因可在第四段中找到。選項A說是因為他們不愿離開家鄉(xiāng)，盡管這是事實，但這不是許多人死亡的主要原因。選項B說是因為政府沒有提供交通工具，這在課文中沒有提及。選項D說的是因為路途遙遠(yuǎn)，而且令人乏味，但這似乎也非主要原因。因此選項C說他們沒有足夠的食物和衣服，比較接近原文的意思，是正確的答案。