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【正文】 ram, called Project BudBurst, collects life cycle data on a variety of mon plants from across the United States. People participating in the project which is open to everyone record their observations on the Project BudBurst website. People don39。t have to be plant experts they just have to look around and see what39。s in their neighborhood, says Jennifer Schwartz, an education consultant with the project. As we collect this data, we39。ll be able to make an estimate of how plants and eommunities5 of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes. 詞匯： Frog n. 蛙 Ecologist Phenology n.物候?qū)W Bud ，萌芽 。，花蕾 Neighbor(u)rhood 。鄰近地區(qū) Database Professional ，職業(yè)的 。，專業(yè)人員 注釋： 1. life cycle：生命周期，即生物發(fā)展過(guò)程的系列變化。 2. hyperlocal beat: beat 在此做名詞用，意思是：某類新聞報(bào)道，如， a business beat。商業(yè)專題報(bào)道。 這是近 年來(lái)出 現(xiàn)的新詞 。Hyperlocal beat 即 hyperlocal news，指的是被傳統(tǒng)新聞報(bào)道方式所忽略的小型社區(qū)或居民居住區(qū)里發(fā)生的相關(guān)信息報(bào)道。在美國(guó)由此而誕生了 hyperlocal news website，專門對(duì)主流媒體所沒(méi)有覆蓋的地區(qū)所發(fā)生的事件進(jìn)行報(bào)道，其形式多以網(wǎng)民，即短文中所提及的 citizen journalists，上傳所在社區(qū)發(fā)生的事件報(bào)道、照片或視頻為主。這是網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代產(chǎn)生的又一新生事物。 3. data 是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但常用做單數(shù)，所以這里的代詞是 it。另參見(jiàn)最后一段“ As we collect this data, ...”。這里的 data 也用作單數(shù)。 4. phenology：物候?qū)W或生物氣候?qū)W，是氣候?qū)W和生態(tài)學(xué)的邊緣學(xué)科，主要研究氣候環(huán)境對(duì)生物的影響。 5. munities：生態(tài)學(xué)詞匯：生物群落，記載比較相似的環(huán)境條件下在特定自然區(qū)域或環(huán)境中生活和互相影響的一群植物和動(dòng)物。 練習(xí)： 1. Ecologists turn to nonscientist citizens for help because they need them A) to provide their personal life cycles. 350 mess microscopic M B) to observe the life cycle of plants. C) to collect data of the life cycle of living things. D) to teach children knowledge about climate change. 2. What are citizen scientists asked to do? A) To develop a specific research interest and bee professional scientists. B) To send their research observations to a professional database. C) To increase their knowledge about climate change. D) To keep a record of their research observations. 3. In All that39。s needed to bee one... (paragraph 2) , what does the word one stands for? A) a citizen journalist. B) a citizen scientist. C) a scientist. D) a citizen. 4. What is NOT true of Project BudBurst? A) Only experts can participate in it. B) Everybody can participate in it. C) It collects life cycle data on a variety of mon plants. D) It has its own website. 5. What is the final purpose of Project BudBurst? A) To study when plants will have their first buds. B) To find out the types of plants in the neighborhood. C) To collect life cycle data on a variety of mon plants from across the United States. D) To investigate how plants and animals will respond as the climate changes. 答案與題解： 1. C 第一段和第二段的第一句告訴我們，要在世界范圍內(nèi)觀察氣候?qū)Υ笞匀恢猩锷芷诘挠绊?，?shù)量有限的科學(xué)家不可能足跡遍及天下，為此科學(xué)家求助于普通公民的參與。所以 C 是正確選擇。 2. B 第二段第三句中 encourage ordinary people to observe?的主語(yǔ)是 The citizen scientist movement，即公民參與科學(xué)觀察的運(yùn)動(dòng)。所以 D 不是正確選擇。 A 和 C 不符合文章的句意，因此也不是正確的選擇。這個(gè)句子的大意是：這一運(yùn)動(dòng)鼓勵(lì)普通公民根據(jù)自己的興趣愛(ài)好進(jìn)行科學(xué)觀察，并將觀察結(jié)果送交數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，讓專門領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)家做進(jìn)一步的觀察。 B 正確表達(dá)了這個(gè)意思。 3. B one 在這里是一個(gè)代詞，其前置詞是citizen scientists ，而不是 citizen journalists，這里 的 one 指的是 one of citizen scientists。所以 A、 C 和 D 都不是正確選擇。這個(gè)句子的意思是，只要每天或每星期花上幾分鐘收集數(shù)據(jù)并發(fā)送出去，就能成為一個(gè)公民科學(xué)家。 4. A 文章最后一段說(shuō)，這個(gè)計(jì)劃向所有人開(kāi)放 (open to everyone)，所以應(yīng)選擇 A。 B， C，D 所述內(nèi)容都在該段中提到。 5. D C 表述的內(nèi)容是 Project Budburst 所要做的工作，但其最終的目的不僅僅是收集數(shù)據(jù)，而是研究氣候變化對(duì)生物生命周期的影響。因此， D 才是正確答案。 譯文：公 民科學(xué)家 理解大自然對(duì)氣候變化有怎樣的反應(yīng)需要監(jiān)視世界各個(gè)角落的關(guān)鍵生命周期事件 —— 花開(kāi)、葉子的出現(xiàn)、第一只青蛙叫出春天的到來(lái)。但是生態(tài)學(xué)家不可能去到世界的各個(gè)角落，所以他們向非科學(xué)家求助，這些非科學(xué)家有時(shí)也被稱作公民科學(xué)家。 氣象科學(xué)家不可能足跡遍及天下。因?yàn)樵谑澜缟嫌腥绱硕嗟牡胤剑瑳](méi)有足夠的科學(xué)家來(lái)觀察它們。所以他們請(qǐng)求你來(lái)幫助觀察全世界氣候變化的跡象。公民科學(xué)家運(yùn)動(dòng)鼓勵(lì)普通人根據(jù)自己的興趣來(lái)觀察某一個(gè)特定的方面 —— 鳥兒、樹木、花卉等等一一并把他們的觀察結(jié)果發(fā)送到一個(gè)巨大的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)來(lái)供專業(yè)科學(xué)家研究。這有 助于數(shù)量有限的科學(xué)家得到如果只靠他們自己根本收集不到的巨大數(shù)據(jù)。就像公民記者幫助報(bào)道傳統(tǒng)新聞報(bào)道方式所忽略的小型社區(qū)的相關(guān)信息一樣，公351 mess microscopic M 民科學(xué)家也對(duì)他們所居住的環(huán)境很熟悉。所需要的就是每天或每周留出兒分鐘來(lái)搜集數(shù)據(jù)并發(fā)送過(guò)來(lái)。 一群科學(xué)家和教育家在去年發(fā)起了一個(gè)叫做紐約國(guó)家物候?qū)W的組織?！拔锖?qū)W”就是科學(xué)家們所說(shuō)的在自然中研究每個(gè)事件的時(shí)間。 其中一個(gè)小組的首要嘗試就是依靠科學(xué)家和非科學(xué)家來(lái)收集關(guān)于每年植物開(kāi)花和長(zhǎng)葉子的數(shù)據(jù)。這一項(xiàng)目叫做花季追蹤計(jì)劃，它收集遍布美國(guó)的各種各樣的植物生長(zhǎng)周期的數(shù)據(jù)。參與這一項(xiàng)目 的人們一一這一計(jì)劃對(duì)所有人開(kāi)放 —— 把他們的觀察記錄登錄在花季追蹤計(jì)劃網(wǎng)站上。 “人們不需要是植物學(xué)家 —— 他們僅僅需要環(huán)視四周看看周圍有什么?！?Jennifer Schwarts說(shuō)，她是這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的教育顧問(wèn)?！巴ㄟ^(guò)收集數(shù)據(jù)，我們就能夠估算出氣候變化對(duì)植物和生物群落會(huì)有怎樣的影響。 第四篇 Motoring Techonlogy million road deaths worldwide occur each year,plus a further 50 million reduce car crash rate,much research now is focused on safety and new fuelsthough some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster. Travelling at speed has always been advanced area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital incar can ensure you don’ t miss important road signs or fall crashes result from human and not mechanical faults. Some safety developments aim to improve your can spot obstacles in fog,while other technology“ sees through” big vehicles blocking your view. And improvements to seat belts,pedal(腳踏 )controls and tyres are making driving smoother and colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety,as have,less surprisingly,size and shape. But whatever is in the fuel tank,you don’t want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations(創(chuàng)新 ).Satellite tracking and remote munications can also e into play if you crash,automatically calling for help. Accidents cause many traffic jams,but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy jams can be analyzed using statistical drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyons’ s personal chauffeur(司機(jī) ),but their latest efforts suggest that won’ t be soon. 練習(xí)： reduce car crash rate,many scientists are working hard to fully automatic cars. faster electric vehicles. road deaths occurring worldwide each year. the safety of cars and develop new fuels. to the second paragraph,most road accidents happen due to traffic. mistakes.