【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ，但是沒有人知道他究竟是怎樣創(chuàng)作出這部歌劇的 Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of positions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesn39。t like of her music, but she is doing most of the hard work of posing these days! 從那以后，艾米已經(jīng)寫了上千部作品?？破宅F(xiàn)在依然會(huì)給艾米反饋，吿訴她自己哪些音樂是 他喜歡的，哪些是不喜歡的，但是現(xiàn)在大部分艱巨的工作是由艾米來完成的！l.ThemusicposedbyDavidcopeisaboutAclassicalmusic. 2.Bydevelopingaputersoftware,DavidCopeaimedCtowriteanopera.3.WhatdidCoperealizeaboutagreatposer39。sbrain?DItcreatesanaccuratedatabase.4.WhoisEmmy?Baputersoftware5.WecaninferfromthepassagethatDEmmydidmuchmoreworkthanaposer.第二十一篇 Spacing in Animals動(dòng)物的空間距離Flight Distance　　Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees. “Flight distance” is the terms used for this interspecies spacing. As a general rule, there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance—the larger the animal, the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy. An antelope will flee when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards away. The wall lizard’s flight distance, on the other hand is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures. 逃離距離　　一些善于觀察的人已經(jīng)注意到一只野生動(dòng)物只讓人或其他潛在的敵人在特定的距離內(nèi)接近它， 然后它便會(huì)逃走?！疤与x距離”是用來描述這種物種間的空間距離的術(shù)語。一般說來，動(dòng)物體積 與其逃離距離之間成正比關(guān)系~^動(dòng)物的體積越大，和敵人保特的距寓就越大。當(dāng)敵人離羚羊 500碼遠(yuǎn)時(shí)，羚羊就會(huì)逃離。另一方面,壁虎的逃離距離大約6英尺。逃離是動(dòng)物生存的基本手 段?！　ritical Distance　　Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction. “Critical distance” includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance. A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overe. If the man continues the approach, he soon penetrates the lion39。s critical distance, at which point the cornered lion reverses direction and begins slowly to stalk the man. 　關(guān)鍵距離　　關(guān)鍵距離顯然與逃離行為的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)有關(guān)。關(guān)鍵距離指的是逃離距離和進(jìn)攻距離之間的狹 窄區(qū)域。動(dòng)物園的獅子會(huì)躲開接近它的人，直到它遇到不可跨過的障礙物才停步。如果那人繼續(xù) 朝它走去,他就很快地進(jìn)入了獅子的關(guān)鍵距離,這時(shí)無路可走的獅子會(huì)調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)方向，開始慢慢逼近 那個(gè)人。　　Social Distance　　Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies. Social distance is not simply the distance at which an animal will lose contact with his group—that is, the distance at which it can no longer see, hear, or smell the group—it is rather a psychological distance, one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when he exceeds its limits. We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group. 相聚距離　　群居動(dòng)物需要相互之間保持聯(lián)系。和群體失去聯(lián)系會(huì)因?yàn)楦鞣N原因（包括面臨敵人）而導(dǎo)致 不幸。相聚距離不僅僅是動(dòng)物和群體失去聯(lián)系時(shí)的距離——也就是說，在這個(gè)距離它不再能看到、 聽到或聞到群體——確切地說，它更是一種心理距離，一種當(dāng)動(dòng)物超越它的限度后會(huì)明顯感到焦 慮的距離。我們可以認(rèn)為它是一條控制群體的隱形帶?！　ocial distance varies from species to species. It is quite short—apparently only a few yards—among some animals, and quite long among others. 相聚距離會(huì)因動(dòng)物種類不同而有差別。對一些動(dòng)物而言，相聚距離非常近，僅有幾碼遠(yuǎn)。但 其他動(dòng)物的相聚距離會(huì)非常遠(yuǎn)。　　Social distance is not always rigidly fixed but is determined in part by the situation. When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother39。s voice, social distance may be the length of her reach. This is readily observed among the baboons in a zoo. When the baby approaches a certain point, the mother reaches out to seize the end of its tail and pull it back to her. When added control is needed because of danger, social distance shrinks. To show this in man, one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street. 　　相聚距離不是一成不變的，而是部分地取決于環(huán)境。當(dāng)無尾猿和人類的幼兒會(huì)活動(dòng)，但還不 受母親言語控制時(shí)，相聚距離是她手臂夠得著的長度。從動(dòng)物園的狒狒，我們很容易看到這點(diǎn)。 當(dāng)小狒狒走到某個(gè)位置時(shí)，狒狒媽媽會(huì)伸出手來，抓住小狒狒的尾巴，把它拖回身邊。因?yàn)槲ｋU(xiǎn) 而需要加強(qiáng)控制時(shí)，相聚距離就會(huì)縮小。要在人類身上證明這點(diǎn)，你只要觀察一個(gè)有許多孩子的 家庭就行了。當(dāng)孩子們橫過」條繁忙的街道時(shí)，他們會(huì)互相牽著手?！　?. Which of the following is the most appropriate definition of Flight Distance?　　C. Distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing. 此選項(xiàng)最符合原文對flight distance下的定義?！　?. If an animal’s critical distance is penetrated, it will　　A. begin to attack. 當(dāng)動(dòng)物的關(guān)鍵距離被入侵時(shí)，動(dòng)物將開始進(jìn)攻。原句為..at which point the cornered lion reverses direction and begins slowly to stalk the ，開始慢慢地逼近那個(gè)人。　　3. According to the passage, social distance refers to　　　　B. psychological distance. 根據(jù)文章相聚距離指心理距離。原句為：...it is rather a psychological distance.4. Which of the following could best replace the word “band” in “We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group” (in Paragraph 3)?　　A. Strip of land從上下文看，band可解釋為strip of land (地帶）。　　5. The example of the children holding hands when crossing the street in the last paragraph shows that　　D. social distance is sometimes determined by outside factors. 最后的這個(gè)例子表明相聚距離的存在與否有時(shí)由外界因素決定。原句為：Social distance is not always rigidly fixed but is determined in part by the situation.　第二十三篇 The Only Way Is Up只好向上　　Think of a modem city and the first image that e to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don39。t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers. 想到一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的城市首先進(jìn)入腦海的就是它的空中輪廓線。幢幢高樓如根根插入天空的手 指一般。確實(shí)有些城市因不愿改變城市固有的風(fēng)格而不允許建筑物超出一定的高度。但任何一個(gè) 城市想要引起世界關(guān)注，第一件事就是建造摩天大樓。　　When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of gro