【正文】
e refractive index. But overall absorption (., absorption coefficients) is also controlled by particle size2.散射削弱系數(shù)( 1)瑞利散射( 1)瑞利散射散射削弱系數(shù)與波長(zhǎng)的 4次方成反比,波長(zhǎng)越短,分子散射削弱越強(qiáng)。[例題 ] 計(jì)算藍(lán)光與紅光的散射削弱系數(shù)之比。Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt 18421919)英國(guó)物理學(xué)家1871: Rayleigh Scattering光學(xué)聲學(xué)電學(xué)熱力學(xué)1904 Nobel Prize( 1)瑞利散射( 2)米散射 (大顆粒散射 )假設(shè):粒子是球體;介質(zhì)均勻球狀粒子的散射特性取決于粒子的相對(duì)尺度數(shù) a和 粒子介質(zhì) 復(fù)折射指數(shù) m 。米散射理論是球狀粒子散射的通用理論散射效率因子:粒子的散射截面與粒子幾何截面之比( 2)米散射 (大顆粒散射 )( 2)米散射 (大顆粒散射 )假論一般大氣條件下粒子是獨(dú)立散射的,則單位體積中粒子的總散射截面就是各粒子散射截面之和,即得到散射系數(shù)Gustav Mie (18681957)德國(guó)物理學(xué)家1908: Mie theory( 2)米散射 (大顆粒散射 )?布格 朗伯( BeerBouguerLanbert) 定律衰減系數(shù)削弱系數(shù)消光系數(shù)1. BeerBouguerLanbert lawPierre Bouguer16981758versatile French scientist best remembered as one of the founders of photometry, the measurement of light intensities. 1. BeerBouguerLanbert lawAugust Beer(18251863) German mathematician,chemist, physicist2. 輻射傳輸?shù)挠嘘P(guān)物理量(1)光學(xué)厚度2. 輻射傳輸?shù)挠嘘P(guān)物理量(1)光學(xué)厚度2. 輻射傳輸?shù)挠嘘P(guān)物理量(2)光學(xué)質(zhì)量輻射傳輸路徑上氣體的質(zhì)量2. 輻射傳輸?shù)挠嘘P(guān)物理量(2)光學(xué)質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)下厚度2. 輻射傳輸?shù)挠嘘P(guān)物理量(3)單色透射率和單色吸收率輻射通過(guò)一段大氣路徑后,輻射通量密度之比常將整層大氣在垂直方向的透過(guò)率稱為 透明系數(shù)2. 輻射傳輸?shù)挠嘘P(guān)物理量透射率函數(shù)光譜間隔內(nèi)的平均透過(guò)率習(xí)題P120習(xí)題 8習(xí)題