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醫(yī)學(xué)細(xì)胞生物學(xué)第13章細(xì)胞的分裂和細(xì)胞周期-資料下載頁

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【正文】 進(jìn)程加快 ,短時(shí)間產(chǎn)生大量新細(xì)胞 細(xì)胞周期與腫瘤發(fā)生 細(xì)胞周期與醫(yī)學(xué) There are several factors that regulate the cell cycle and assure a cell divides correctly 1. Before a cell divides, the DNA is checked to make sure it has replicated correctly. 2. Chemical Signals tell a cell when to start and stop dividing. 3. Neighboring cells municate with dividing cells to regulate their growth also. Cancer is a disorder of the cell cycle. Some of the body’s cells divide uncontrollably and tumors form. DNA mutations disrupt the cell cycle Mutations may be caused by: 1. radiation 2. smoking 3. Pollutants 4. chemicals 5. viruses 1. While normal cells will stop dividing if there is a mutation in the DNA, cancer cells will continue to divide with mutation. DNA mutations disrupt the cell cycle 2. Due to DNA mutations, cancer cells ignore the chemical signals that start and stop the cell cycle. 3. Due to DNA mutations, cancer cells cannot municate with neighboring cells. Cells continue to grow and form tumors. 細(xì)胞周期與腫瘤發(fā)生 細(xì)胞周期與醫(yī)學(xué) 腫瘤細(xì)胞 周期的特點(diǎn) —— G1期較長,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞周期較長 ? 根據(jù)細(xì)胞在周期中的行為,可 將腫瘤細(xì)胞分為三類; 增殖型細(xì)胞 , 為周期內(nèi)細(xì)胞 , 所占比例越高 ( 增殖比率越高 ) 腫瘤惡性程度越高 暫不增殖型細(xì)胞 , 為 G0期細(xì)胞 , 可能成為腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)的根源 不增殖型細(xì)胞 , 永久退出周期 , 所占比例越高 , 腫瘤惡性程度越低 腫瘤細(xì)胞 中重要的 癌基因 或 抑癌基因 發(fā)生異常,導(dǎo)致其周期紊亂 ,增殖異常 【 Cyclin D1過表達(dá)致腫瘤機(jī)制 】 Cyclin D過表達(dá) + 生長因子 CDKs 細(xì)胞增殖過度 易發(fā)生細(xì)胞癌變 細(xì)胞周期與腫瘤發(fā)生 細(xì)胞周期與醫(yī)學(xué) CyclinD1的過度表達(dá)(癌基因)使細(xì)胞周期失控 【 Cyclin D1 過表達(dá)的成因 】 ▲ 基因擴(kuò)增(主要原因) 乳腺癌、胃癌、食道癌存在 Cyclin D1基因擴(kuò)增過度。 ▲ 基因突變 Cyclin D1 T286突變 Cyclin D1泛素化受阻 Cyclin D1↑ ■ CDK 表達(dá)異常 主要見于 CDK CDK6過表達(dá)。 CDK4↑+ cyclin D結(jié)合 ↑ CDK4/cyclin D↑ CDKs表達(dá) ↑ pRb pRb磷酸化 ↑ 細(xì)胞增殖過度 E2F ↑ G1/S過渡加速 CDK基因突變?yōu)榘┗?,發(fā)生過度表達(dá) 細(xì)胞周期與腫瘤發(fā)生 細(xì)胞周期與醫(yī)學(xué) 細(xì)胞周期與腫瘤發(fā)生 細(xì)胞周期與醫(yī)學(xué) 腫瘤細(xì)胞 周期的特點(diǎn) —— G1期較長,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞周期較長 ? 根據(jù)細(xì)胞在周期中的行為,可 將腫瘤細(xì)胞分為三類; 增殖型細(xì)胞 , 為周期內(nèi)細(xì)胞 , 所占比例越高 ( 增殖比率越高 ) 腫瘤惡性程度越高 暫不增殖型細(xì)胞 , 為 G0期細(xì)胞 , 可能成為腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)的根源 不增殖型細(xì)胞 , 永久退出周期 , 所占比例越高 , 腫瘤惡性程度越低 腫瘤細(xì)胞 中重要的 癌基因 或 抑癌基因 發(fā)生異常,導(dǎo)致其周期紊亂 ,增殖異常 Rb and the G1S Transition Retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) governs entry into S phase. Hypophosphorylated Rb forms a plex with a group of transcription factors, E2F. When Rb is inactivated by CDK2, CDK4, or CDK6mediated phosphorylation, E2F transcription factors are released, resulting in progression into S phase and transcription of a range of targets involved in chemotherapy sensitivity. Adapted from Shah and Schwartz. Clin Cancer Res. 2022。7:21682181, with permission. ■ CDKI表達(dá)不足和突變 (抑癌基因失活 ) 腫瘤細(xì)胞中常出現(xiàn) CDKI(腫瘤抑制基因)表達(dá)不足或突變。 ▲ InK4( P16)失活 【 p16 InK4基因失活原因 】 : 突變或缺失、染色體易位、 p16 InK4高度甲基化 【 Mechanism】 p16 InK4基因表達(dá) ↓ CDK4與 cyclin D結(jié)合 ↓ 細(xì)胞周期處在“易于”被啟動(dòng)狀態(tài) 易發(fā)生細(xì)胞癌變 細(xì)胞周期與腫瘤發(fā)生 細(xì)胞周期與醫(yī)學(xué) 細(xì)胞周期與腫瘤發(fā)生 細(xì)胞周期與醫(yī)學(xué) ? 利用生長因子使 G0期腫瘤細(xì)胞進(jìn)入周期 , 而后盡量殺滅 ? 盡量殺滅增殖性腫瘤細(xì)胞 腫瘤細(xì)胞周期特點(diǎn)為制定腫瘤治療方案提供依據(jù) ? 細(xì)胞同步化于 G2期 → 放射線療法 ? 細(xì)胞同步化于 S期或 M期 → 化學(xué)療法 細(xì)胞同步化之前 細(xì)胞同步化之后 Cell Cycle Inhibition by Flavopiridol Flavopiridol is a cyclindependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor of CDK1 (Cdc2), CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6 at nanomolar concentrations, resulting in cell cycle arrest at both the G1/S and the G2/M transitions. 夫拉平度 Molecular biology of the cell 2022 咖啡因 羥基脲 細(xì)胞周期與腫瘤發(fā)生 細(xì)胞周期與醫(yī)學(xué)
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