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nd internal screens control glare and solar gain in summer 北京紫禁城 南北中軸線上的建筑 冬季陽光充分照射 伸出的房檐,百葉窗,室內(nèi)窗簾可以調(diào)節(jié)夏季的陽光對室內(nèi)的照射 William McDonough + Partners with WSP Environmental Ltd. Building strategies for optimising energy performance優(yōu)化利用太陽能的建筑戰(zhàn)略 C o o ki n g7%E le ct r ici t y10%H o t W a t e r23%S p a ce H e a t in g60%Good insulation。 Passive solar design。 Thermal mass。 Sunspaces。 glazing technology Solar hot water heating。 Site CHP systems Good daylighting。 Efficient lighting Efficient appliances H e a t in g50%L ig h t in g20%V e n t ila t io n / C o o lin g30%Glazing specification。 Insulation and Thermal mass。 Atrium as thermal buffer。 Natural ventilation。 Thermal mass cooling。 Local fort cooling Good daylight design。 Efficient lighting Key Design Strategies for Housing 優(yōu)化利用太陽能的建筑戰(zhàn)略 Key Design Strategies for Commercial Buildings 商業(yè)建筑主要設(shè)計戰(zhàn)略 Energy 能源 Energy Demand 能源需求 太陽能熱水系統(tǒng);熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)( CHP) (熱水) 白天光照;高效照明 (電能) 高效電器 (做飯) 良好絕緣性能;被動性太陽能利用設(shè)計;集中供熱;光照空間;玻璃窗技術(shù) (供熱) 天然通風(fēng);集中供熱;降溫;區(qū)域性降溫 (通風(fēng) /降溫) 白天光照設(shè)計;高效照明 (照明) 玻璃窗規(guī)格;絕緣與供熱;建中庭,以緩沖陽光直射 (供熱) William McDonough + Partners with WSP Environmental Ltd. Energy 能源 Energy Production and Distribution 能源生產(chǎn)與分配 integrated distribution for residential, mercial, administration and industrial bined heat and cooling with ground source energy from waste incinerator and sewage biodigester local bined heat and power (CHP) in residential neighborhoods ? 居民區(qū)、商業(yè)區(qū)、行政區(qū)和產(chǎn)業(yè)區(qū)之間綜合分配 ? 結(jié)合礦物燃燒供暖和制冷 ? 廢物焚化和廢水生物處理產(chǎn)生能源 ? 居住社區(qū)內(nèi)的供熱與能源( CHP) 圖例 10176。 東西軸線 廢物能源廠 廢水及城市固體生活垃圾 MSW加工處理 廢物循環(huán)利用設(shè)施 無毒廢物焚化 沼氣 /天然氣供應(yīng)管道 當(dāng)?shù)匦⌒蜔犭娐?lián)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)( CHP) 利用沼氣 /天然氣 當(dāng)?shù)匾呀?jīng)停止使用的熱力泵 循環(huán)系統(tǒng) 制冷、供熱服務(wù) 商業(yè)和居住區(qū) 高速公路緩沖帶內(nèi)可安裝風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī) 區(qū)內(nèi)公路邊可安裝光電系統(tǒng)( PV) William McDonough + Partners with WSP Environmental Ltd. Energy 能源 Wind Energy Supply Scenario 風(fēng)能利用規(guī)劃 mean annual wind speed m/s wind farm location – highway buffer minimum distance from development 1 km estimated annual energy production 650 980 MWh / year per turbine estimated electricity production cost $/kWh ? 年平均風(fēng)速: /秒 ? 風(fēng)力發(fā)電位置:高速公路緩沖帶 ? 離城區(qū)最近距離:1公里 ? 預(yù)計年發(fā)電量: 650至 980 兆瓦時 /年 /臺風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī) William McDonough + Partners with WSP Environmental Ltd. Case Study: Methane Digesters 個案分析:甲烷生產(chǎn) (various locations) ( 不同地域 ) ? Vagron Plant (Groningen, The Netherlands) is one of the largest MSW digestion plants in the world, with an annual capacity of 85,000 tons. ? Freiburg, Germany plant processes 36,000 tons of waste per year, producing 3 million m3 biogas and 15,000 tons of post. ? Mons Plant (Belgium) uses two 3800m3 digesters to process 58,000 tons of waste per year. Energy 能源 Interutility Foul Water Bio Fuel 通過污水處理,生產(chǎn)能源 Vagron 工廠(位于荷蘭,高寧根?。┦鞘澜缟献畲蟮?MSW處理工廠,年處理能力為 85,000噸。 弗萊堡處理廠,位于德國,每年處理垃圾 36,000噸,生產(chǎn) 3百萬立方米沼氣,以及 15,000噸混合肥料。 Mons工廠(比利時),擁有兩座容量為 38,000立方米的處理爐,年處理量為 58,000噸。 William McDonough + Partners with WSP Environmental Ltd. ? Traditional heating systems have been replaced by a heat exchanger. ? Space heating using a heat exchanger to preheat ining cold fresh air。 ? Exceptionally well insulated construction。 ? Good solar design (southfacing courtyards, balconies and projecting eaves provide protection)。 ? Solar collectors of 5 m2 per house provide the energy for 50% the hot water requirement. ? 傳統(tǒng)的供熱系統(tǒng)以及由一個熱能交換器替代 , ? 空間供暖系統(tǒng),利用換熱器將涼水預(yù)先加熱 ? 良好的隔熱設(shè)施 ? 充分利用陽光的設(shè)計(院落朝南,陽臺、伸出的房檐具有遮陽功能) ? 每家安裝有 5平方米大的太陽能熱水器,能夠滿足熱水需求量的 50%左右 Case Study: Lind229。s Sweden個案分析:林多斯( Lindas),瑞典 Energy 能源 Case Study: BedZed個案分析: BEDZED, 貝丁頓零功率發(fā)展社區(qū),英國 Beddington Zero Energy Development, UK ?A zero energy (fossil fuel) mixed residential and mercial development ?Designed with high levels of thermal mass and insulation。 ?Use of passive solar design as well as photovoltaic panels to provide energy。 ?additional electrical space heating needs are provided by means of CHP that is fuelled from wood wastes ?一個零能源(礦物燃料)的居住、商業(yè)混合區(qū) ?具有高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的供熱和絕緣設(shè)施 ?被動太陽能利用設(shè)計,以及光電系統(tǒng)提供所需能源 ?另外的發(fā)電供熱需求由熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)( CHP)滿足, CHP的燃料為廢棄木材 William McDonough + Partners with WSP Environmental Ltd. 1. Engage municipality for partnering on infrastructure 2. Review Cost Plan and international opportunities for capital funding, eg. UN GEFF 3. Establish protocols that optimize the flows of Industrial Ecology. 4. Identify Chinese suppliers for suggested environmental technologies 5. Define a procurement program, including workshops and capacity building 6. Engage specialists to guide ecosystem restoration strategies 7. Develop design guidelines to direct project development 8. Develop detailed design and engineering plans 與市政當(dāng)局合作改善本區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 評價規(guī)劃成本,評估吸引國際資金的機(jī)會,如:聯(lián)合國 GEFF組織 確立草案,使工業(yè)生態(tài)循環(huán)處于最優(yōu)化狀態(tài) 確定中國供應(yīng)商,由其提供環(huán)境技術(shù)服務(wù) 制定采購計劃,其中包括工場、變電房 邀請專家指導(dǎo)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)戰(zhàn)略 制定設(shè)計原則,指導(dǎo)項(xiàng)目建設(shè) 制定詳細(xì)設(shè)計,以及工程規(guī)劃 Next Steps 后續(xù)計劃 William McDonough + Partners with WSP Environmental Ltd. Tangye Sustainable Development Demonstration Project 唐冶片區(qū)可持續(xù)性發(fā)展示范項(xiàng)目 Summary 總結(jié) assessment of the natural and cultural environments a placespecific concept planning framework innovative sustainable infrastructure creation of replicable planning templates a foundation for future development models ? 評估自然以及文化環(huán)境 ? 一個具體的概念規(guī)劃框架 ? 更新的、可持續(xù)性的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 ? 創(chuàng)建一個可模仿性的規(guī)劃模板 ? 為將來發(fā)展樹立一個模式