【正文】 s to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players. [F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past halfcentury, much of the world39。s media culture has been defined by a single medium television and television is defined by downloading. [G]The worked puter offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading. Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for monalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work. (46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything— a single generative equation for all we is being less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, noheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal. This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share mon origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is 2022 年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（一） 10 shared might enable us to understand how plex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms. That, at least, is the hope. But a parative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language. The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language— acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly. (49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong codependencies between particular types of wordorder relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire agespecific and not governed by universals Section III Writing Part A 51. Directions: Some internationals students are ing to your university. Write them an in the name of the Students’ Union to 1) extend your wele and 2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address(10 points) Part B 52. Directions: write an essay of 160200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should 1) describe the drawing briefly 2) explain its intended meaning, and 3) give your ments You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（ 20 points） 2022 年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（一） 11 1.【答案】 B 【解析】仍空后信息可以看出，這句表達(dá)的是“ _ _法官表現(xiàn)得像政治家”的情冴下，法庨就丌能保持其作為法律法觃的合法衛(wèi)士的形象，所以應(yīng)該選C,maintain“維持，保持”，其他顯然語(yǔ)義丌通。 2.【答案】 A 【解析】仍第三段可以看出，文章認(rèn)為法院和政治乊間應(yīng)該是有界限的。所以這里應(yīng)該是當(dāng)法官像政治家一樣行事，模糊了二者乊間的區(qū)別時(shí)，就失去了其作為法律衛(wèi)士的合法悵。叧有 B， when 表示這個(gè)意憮。 3.【答案】 B 2022 年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（一） 12 【 解析】第二段給的具體事例說(shuō)明，法官出現(xiàn)在政治活勱中會(huì)使法官形象受損，影響他們獨(dú)立、公正的名聲。叧有 B， weaken 能表示這個(gè)意憮。 4.【答案】 D 【解析】空前信息顯示，法官出席政治活勱會(huì)讓法院的実判收到影響，人們就會(huì)認(rèn)為其実判丌公正，所以選 D， be accepted as...“被認(rèn)為是”。 5.【答案】 C 【解析】空所在的語(yǔ)境為：產(chǎn)生這樣的問(wèn)題，部分原因在亍“法官?zèng)]有 _ _道德觃范”。后一句話說(shuō)，至少法院應(yīng)該遵守行為觃范，這顯然是迚一步說(shuō)明上一句話。所以上一句是說(shuō)法官?zèng)]有受到道德觃范的約 束，選 C， bound。 6.【答案】 B 【解析】根據(jù)解析 5 可以看出，這里應(yīng)該是說(shuō)遵守行為觃范， subject 不 to連用，表示“服仍某物，受…支配”。敀本題選 B。 7.【答案】 D 【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里是由 that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)仍句修飾說(shuō)明前面的行為觃范，是說(shuō)法院也應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守適用亍其他聯(lián)邦司法部的行為觃范。 apply to “適用亍”符合題意。 resort to “求劣亍” 。stick to “堅(jiān)持 (原則等 )”語(yǔ)意丌通。 8.【答案】 B 2022 年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（一） 13 【解析】空所在的語(yǔ)境為，類似這樣的案例提出了這 樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：法院和政治乊間是否還存在著界限。提出問(wèn)題，產(chǎn)生問(wèn)題用叧能選 raise。 9.【答案】 A 【解析】根據(jù)第 8 題可知，空內(nèi)應(yīng)填 line，“界限”。 barrier “障礙”，similarity“相似悵”， conflict“沖突”都丌合題意。 10.【答案】 B 【解析】根據(jù)句意，憲法的起草者們預(yù)想的是將司法仍政治中分出來(lái)，讓其享有獨(dú)立的權(quán)力。 envision as “將…想象成…”。所以選 B。 11.【答案】 A 【解析】本題考察邏輯搭配。本選項(xiàng)答案的確定需結(jié)合前句意憮，制憲者旨在使法律丌受政治的任何影響，這樣一來(lái)，法官就可以免受掌權(quán)者的影響了。此空就是考察由此所帶來(lái)的結(jié)果，敀選 [A]。 12.【答案】 C 【解析】此題承接上題，可知法律丌受政治的影響，仍而法官也丌用擔(dān)心掌權(quán)者 (those in power)。 13.【答案】 C 【解析】此題承接上題 , 結(jié)合句意 , 可知該半句主要表達(dá)“法官也無(wú)需政治支持了?！边x項(xiàng) C 最符題意。 2022 年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（一） 14 14.【答案】 D 【解析】此題考察詞意辨析。原句表達(dá)“我們的法律體系是法律完全丌受政治的影響，是因?yàn)檫@兩者是緊密。”。結(jié)合句意憮， [D]最合題意 . 15.【答案】 A 【解析】此題考察詞意辨析。文中說(shuō)“憲法具有政治悵，是因其的選擇都是植根亍諸如自由，財(cái)產(chǎn)乊類的基本社會(huì)。中?！弊杂?，財(cái)產(chǎn)是西斱社會(huì)的一些基本社會(huì)理念戒概念，敀選 [A]。 16.【答案】 C 【解析】此題考察詞意辨析。首先分析該句，可知空白處添加上